The Rise of Byzantion: Between the Orient and the Occident
Ключові слова:
Byzantion, pre-emporial (Thracian) stages, Greek apoikia, Thracian tribes, Byzas, local mythological traditions
Анотація
The focus of this paper is on some aspects of the early pre-emporial (Thracian) stages of Byzantion. The mythological evidence on the city’s emergence, combined with the numismatic material, is systematised and analysed with a view to localising the initial Thracian settlements in the region of the Golden Horn: their synoecism gradually gave birth to the phenomenal city that attracted the attention of the ancient authors only after the emergence of the Greek apoikia. Its unique geographic and strategic location between the Orient and the Occident was not always desired and appreciated, especially during the first half of the first millennium BC, at the time of a dynamic ethnic and cultural situation in Southeastern Europe, and strong military and political activity of the Thracian tribes. The legendary figures, dramatised in the mythological events of the emergence and founding of the city, are extremely deeply rooted in the toponymy of its region, which betrays their profound pre-emporial antiquity. On the other hand, the combined evidence of the ancient authors outlines the roots and the genesis of the local solar cult that is at the centre of the religious traditions of Byzantion. A new interpretation is proposed for some images on the city’s coins in the context of the local mythological traditions.
Завантаження
##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##
Посилання
Avram, A., Jones, C. P. 2011. An Actor from Byzantium in a New Epigram from Tomis. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 178, 126–134.
Bekker, Imm. (Ed.). 1843. Georgii Codini Excerpta de antiquitatibus Constantinopolitanis. (Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, vol. 15). Bonnae: E. Weberi.
Gilles, P. 1561. De Bosporo Thracio libri tres. Lugduni: Apud Gulielmum Rouillium.
Gilles, P. 1729. The Antiquities of Constantinople: With a description of its situation, the conveniencies of its port, its public buildings, the statuary, sculpture, architecture, and other curiosities of that city. With cuts explaining the chief of them. In four books. Trans. and ed. J. Ball London.
Gilles, P. 2007. Itinéraires byzantins. Lettre à un ami. Du Bosphore de Thrace. De la topographie de Constantinople et de ses antiquités. Texte latin établi par Jean-Pierre Grélois. Paris: Association des amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance.
Godley, A. D. (Ed.). 1920. Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Halkin, F. 1959. Une nouvelle vie de Constantin dans un légendier de Patmos. Analecta Bollandiana 77, 63–107.
The ‘Halkin’ Life of Constantine in English. Translated by Mark Vermes. URL: https://www.rogerpearse.com/weblog/the-halkin-life-of-constantine-in-english/.
Hanell, K. 1934. Megarische Studien. Lund: Lindstedt.
Head, B. V. 18871. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Head, B. V. 19112. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Oxfordt: The Clarendon Press (19112 ss.)
Jones, H. L. (Ed.). 1924. The Geography of Strabo. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
Johnston, P. A. et al. (Eds.). 2016: Animals in Greek and Roman Religion and Myth. Proceedings of the Symposium Grumentinum Grumento Nova (Potenza) 5–7 June 2013. Cambridge: Scholars Publishing.
Lieu, S. N. C. 1998. From History to Legend and Legend to History: The Medieval and Byzantine
Transformation of Constantine’s Vita. Lieu, S. N. C., Montserrat, D. (Eds.). Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend. London and New York: Routledge, s. 136–176.
Lieu, S. N. C. 2006. Constantine in Legendary Literature. Lenski, N. (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, s. 298–324.
Lozanova, V. 2011. Byzas, Zeuxippos Helios and Refoundation of Byzantion. Orpheus. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies, Sofia, 18, s. 39–50. 17
Lozanova, V. 2012. Constantinople: City of the Sun or the (Re-)Birth of Byzantion. Proceedings of the First International Symposium Ancient Cultures in South-East Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean: Megalitic Monuments and Cult Practices. Blagoevgrad, s. 76–91.
Lozanova, V. 2013. Zeuxippos Helios/Constantine Helios: Old Religiosity and New Authority. Sayar, M. H. (Ed.). Eleventh International Congress of Thracology. Istanbul, 8th–12th November, 2010. Istanbul.
Lozanova, V. 2013a. Barbysios or the Birth of Byzantion. Orpheus. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies, Sofia, 20, s. 37–54.
Lozanova, V. 2013b. The Prophecies of The “Many-Gift[ed].” Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Thracology “The Thracians and Their Neigbors in the Bronze and Iron Ages.” Târgovişte, 10th–14th September 2013. Vol. II. Necropolises, Cult Places, Religion, Mythology. Braşov, s. 225–246.
Moushmov, N. 1912. Antichnite moneti na Balkanskia poluostrov i monetite na balgarskite zare [Ancient
Coins on the Balkan Peninsula and the Coins of the Bulgarian Kings]. Sofia: Printing house of Gr. Iv.
Gavazov (in Bulgarian). URL: http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/thrace/byzantium/i.html.
Мушмов, Н. 1912. Античните монети на Балканския полуостров и монетите на българските царе. София: Печатница на Гр. Ив. Гавазов. 510 с.
Preger, Th. 1895. Beiträge zur Textgeschichte der Πάτρια Κωνσταντινουπόλεως [Georgius Codinus]. Programm des königlichen Maximilians-Gymnasium. München.
Preger, Th. (Ed.). 1901. Hesychii Illustrii O rigines Constantinopolitanae. vol. I. [= Scriptores originum Constantinopolitanarum]. Lipsiae: B. G. Teubner.
Reiske, J. J. (Ed). 1829. Constantine Porphyrpgenitus. Vols. 1–2, Bonn, Ed. Weberi [= Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae, vols. 16–17].
Robu, A. 2013. Le culte de Poséidon à Mégare et dans ses colonies. Dacia N. S., 57, s. 65–80.
Robu, A. 2013a. Sanctuaries and Relations between Cities in the Hellenistic World: the Example of the Cities of Kalchedon and Byzantion. Panait-Bîrzescu, F., Bîrzescu, I., Matei-Popescu, F., Robu, A. (Eds.). Poleis în Marea Neagră. Relații interpontice și producții locale. Bucarest, s. 143–157 (en roumain, avec résumé en anglais).
Robu, A. 2014. Les relations de Byzance avec les cités du Pont Gauche à l’époque hellénistique: la guerre pour l’emporion de Tomis. Cojocaru, V., Schuler, Chr. (Eds). Die Außenbeziehungen pontischer und kleinasiatischer Städte in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Akten einer deutsch-rumänischen Tagung in Constanta (20. – 24. September 2010). Stuttgart, s. 19–36.
Robu, A. 2014а. Traditions et innovations institutionnelles: l’organisation civique de Byzance et de Chalcédoine. Il mar Nero, 7, 2007–2009, s. 149–166.
Robu, A. 2014b. Traditions et rapprochements onomastiques dans les cités grecques de la mer Noire: quelques exemples tirés du «monde mégarien». Il Mar Nero, 8, 2010−2011, s. 281–293.
Russel, Th. 2012. “The Land of Inachus”. Byzantium’s Early Coinage and Two Bosporus Toponyms.
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 180, s. 133–138.
Russell, Th. 2016. Byzantium and the Bosporus: A Historical Study, from the Seventh Century BC until the Foundation of Constantinople. Oxford Classical Monographs. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Schönert-Geiss, E. 1970. Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil I: Autonome Zeit. Berlin, Amsterdam: Akademie Verlag Berlind; Adolf m. Hakkert Amsterdam.
Schönert-Geiß, E. 1972. Die Münzprägung von Byzantium. Teil II: Kaiserzeit. Berlin, Amsterdam: Akademie Verlag Berlind; Adolf m. Hakkert, Amsterdam.
Sear, D. R. 1982: Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values, the Local Coinage of the Roman Empire. London: Seaby.
SNG Ashmolean: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press (1951–2013).
SNG BM: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The British Museum. London: British Museum Press (1933 ss).
SNG Copenhagen 1982. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Danish National Museum. Vol 2: Thrace and Macedonia. Copenhagen: Sunrise Publications, West Milford (NJ).
Stoyas, Y. 2012. Two Peculiar Thracian Coin Issues: ΔΑΝΤΗΛΗΤΩΝ and ΜΕΛΣΑ. Collection of Еssays in Honour of Ilya Prokopov. V. Tyrnovo: Faber Press, s. 143–174
Svoronos, J. 1889. Νομίσματα ἀνάλεκτα. Ἀρχαιολογικὴ ἐφημερίς (Ἐφ. ἀρχ.), Αθήνα, Τόμος 28, 3, s. 74–77, pl. 1, 1−2.
Weber 1924: Forrer, L. The Weber Collection of Greek Coins. Vol. 2. Macedon – Thrace – Thessaly. North Western, Central and Southern Greece. London: Spink.
Wescher, C. (ed.). 1874. Dionysii Byzantii De Bospori Navigatione. Parisiis: E Typographeo publico.
Zatta, Cl. 2016. Flying Geese, Wandering Cows: How Animal Movement Orients Human Space in Greek Myth. Johnston, P. A. et al. (Eds.) Animals in Greek and Roman Religion and Myth. Cambridge: Scholars Publishing, s. 227–236.
Bekker, Imm. (Ed.). 1843. Georgii Codini Excerpta de antiquitatibus Constantinopolitanis. (Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, vol. 15). Bonnae: E. Weberi.
Gilles, P. 1561. De Bosporo Thracio libri tres. Lugduni: Apud Gulielmum Rouillium.
Gilles, P. 1729. The Antiquities of Constantinople: With a description of its situation, the conveniencies of its port, its public buildings, the statuary, sculpture, architecture, and other curiosities of that city. With cuts explaining the chief of them. In four books. Trans. and ed. J. Ball London.
Gilles, P. 2007. Itinéraires byzantins. Lettre à un ami. Du Bosphore de Thrace. De la topographie de Constantinople et de ses antiquités. Texte latin établi par Jean-Pierre Grélois. Paris: Association des amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance.
Godley, A. D. (Ed.). 1920. Herodotus, with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Halkin, F. 1959. Une nouvelle vie de Constantin dans un légendier de Patmos. Analecta Bollandiana 77, 63–107.
The ‘Halkin’ Life of Constantine in English. Translated by Mark Vermes. URL: https://www.rogerpearse.com/weblog/the-halkin-life-of-constantine-in-english/.
Hanell, K. 1934. Megarische Studien. Lund: Lindstedt.
Head, B. V. 18871. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
Head, B. V. 19112. Historia Numorum. A Manual of Greek Numismatics. Oxfordt: The Clarendon Press (19112 ss.)
Jones, H. L. (Ed.). 1924. The Geography of Strabo. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924.
Johnston, P. A. et al. (Eds.). 2016: Animals in Greek and Roman Religion and Myth. Proceedings of the Symposium Grumentinum Grumento Nova (Potenza) 5–7 June 2013. Cambridge: Scholars Publishing.
Lieu, S. N. C. 1998. From History to Legend and Legend to History: The Medieval and Byzantine
Transformation of Constantine’s Vita. Lieu, S. N. C., Montserrat, D. (Eds.). Constantine: History, Historiography and Legend. London and New York: Routledge, s. 136–176.
Lieu, S. N. C. 2006. Constantine in Legendary Literature. Lenski, N. (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, s. 298–324.
Lozanova, V. 2011. Byzas, Zeuxippos Helios and Refoundation of Byzantion. Orpheus. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies, Sofia, 18, s. 39–50. 17
Lozanova, V. 2012. Constantinople: City of the Sun or the (Re-)Birth of Byzantion. Proceedings of the First International Symposium Ancient Cultures in South-East Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean: Megalitic Monuments and Cult Practices. Blagoevgrad, s. 76–91.
Lozanova, V. 2013. Zeuxippos Helios/Constantine Helios: Old Religiosity and New Authority. Sayar, M. H. (Ed.). Eleventh International Congress of Thracology. Istanbul, 8th–12th November, 2010. Istanbul.
Lozanova, V. 2013a. Barbysios or the Birth of Byzantion. Orpheus. Journal of Indo-European and Thracian Studies, Sofia, 20, s. 37–54.
Lozanova, V. 2013b. The Prophecies of The “Many-Gift[ed].” Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Thracology “The Thracians and Their Neigbors in the Bronze and Iron Ages.” Târgovişte, 10th–14th September 2013. Vol. II. Necropolises, Cult Places, Religion, Mythology. Braşov, s. 225–246.
Moushmov, N. 1912. Antichnite moneti na Balkanskia poluostrov i monetite na balgarskite zare [Ancient
Coins on the Balkan Peninsula and the Coins of the Bulgarian Kings]. Sofia: Printing house of Gr. Iv.
Gavazov (in Bulgarian). URL: http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/greece/thrace/byzantium/i.html.
Мушмов, Н. 1912. Античните монети на Балканския полуостров и монетите на българските царе. София: Печатница на Гр. Ив. Гавазов. 510 с.
Preger, Th. 1895. Beiträge zur Textgeschichte der Πάτρια Κωνσταντινουπόλεως [Georgius Codinus]. Programm des königlichen Maximilians-Gymnasium. München.
Preger, Th. (Ed.). 1901. Hesychii Illustrii O rigines Constantinopolitanae. vol. I. [= Scriptores originum Constantinopolitanarum]. Lipsiae: B. G. Teubner.
Reiske, J. J. (Ed). 1829. Constantine Porphyrpgenitus. Vols. 1–2, Bonn, Ed. Weberi [= Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae, vols. 16–17].
Robu, A. 2013. Le culte de Poséidon à Mégare et dans ses colonies. Dacia N. S., 57, s. 65–80.
Robu, A. 2013a. Sanctuaries and Relations between Cities in the Hellenistic World: the Example of the Cities of Kalchedon and Byzantion. Panait-Bîrzescu, F., Bîrzescu, I., Matei-Popescu, F., Robu, A. (Eds.). Poleis în Marea Neagră. Relații interpontice și producții locale. Bucarest, s. 143–157 (en roumain, avec résumé en anglais).
Robu, A. 2014. Les relations de Byzance avec les cités du Pont Gauche à l’époque hellénistique: la guerre pour l’emporion de Tomis. Cojocaru, V., Schuler, Chr. (Eds). Die Außenbeziehungen pontischer und kleinasiatischer Städte in hellenistischer und römischer Zeit. Akten einer deutsch-rumänischen Tagung in Constanta (20. – 24. September 2010). Stuttgart, s. 19–36.
Robu, A. 2014а. Traditions et innovations institutionnelles: l’organisation civique de Byzance et de Chalcédoine. Il mar Nero, 7, 2007–2009, s. 149–166.
Robu, A. 2014b. Traditions et rapprochements onomastiques dans les cités grecques de la mer Noire: quelques exemples tirés du «monde mégarien». Il Mar Nero, 8, 2010−2011, s. 281–293.
Russel, Th. 2012. “The Land of Inachus”. Byzantium’s Early Coinage and Two Bosporus Toponyms.
Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 180, s. 133–138.
Russell, Th. 2016. Byzantium and the Bosporus: A Historical Study, from the Seventh Century BC until the Foundation of Constantinople. Oxford Classical Monographs. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
Schönert-Geiss, E. 1970. Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil I: Autonome Zeit. Berlin, Amsterdam: Akademie Verlag Berlind; Adolf m. Hakkert Amsterdam.
Schönert-Geiß, E. 1972. Die Münzprägung von Byzantium. Teil II: Kaiserzeit. Berlin, Amsterdam: Akademie Verlag Berlind; Adolf m. Hakkert, Amsterdam.
Sear, D. R. 1982: Greek Imperial Coins and Their Values, the Local Coinage of the Roman Empire. London: Seaby.
SNG Ashmolean: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by the Oxford University Press (1951–2013).
SNG BM: Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The British Museum. London: British Museum Press (1933 ss).
SNG Copenhagen 1982. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum. The Danish National Museum. Vol 2: Thrace and Macedonia. Copenhagen: Sunrise Publications, West Milford (NJ).
Stoyas, Y. 2012. Two Peculiar Thracian Coin Issues: ΔΑΝΤΗΛΗΤΩΝ and ΜΕΛΣΑ. Collection of Еssays in Honour of Ilya Prokopov. V. Tyrnovo: Faber Press, s. 143–174
Svoronos, J. 1889. Νομίσματα ἀνάλεκτα. Ἀρχαιολογικὴ ἐφημερίς (Ἐφ. ἀρχ.), Αθήνα, Τόμος 28, 3, s. 74–77, pl. 1, 1−2.
Weber 1924: Forrer, L. The Weber Collection of Greek Coins. Vol. 2. Macedon – Thrace – Thessaly. North Western, Central and Southern Greece. London: Spink.
Wescher, C. (ed.). 1874. Dionysii Byzantii De Bospori Navigatione. Parisiis: E Typographeo publico.
Zatta, Cl. 2016. Flying Geese, Wandering Cows: How Animal Movement Orients Human Space in Greek Myth. Johnston, P. A. et al. (Eds.) Animals in Greek and Roman Religion and Myth. Cambridge: Scholars Publishing, s. 227–236.
Опубліковано
2020-12-02
Як цитувати
Lozanova-Stantcheva, V. (2020). The Rise of Byzantion: Between the Orient and the Occident. Дриновський збірник, 13, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.7546/DS.2020.13.01
Розділ
Статті
