UKRAINE AND GREAT RUSSIAN POWER: CHRISTIAN RAKOVSKY VERSUS JOSEPH STALIN, 1922-23
Анотація
The article is devoted to Ch. Rakovsky's views on the development and construction of Ukraine in 1922-1923. In this context, after the Bolsheviks began to gain power in Ukraine in 1919, he did not rely much on national self-determination. But after the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921, Rakovsky adjusted his views, supported the expansion of Ukraine's autonomy and advocated the need to give more independence to some state bodies. This led to conflicts with another famous Soviet figure, Joseph Stalin. The article reveals the main points of tension between Rakovsky and Stalin, different approaches to issues of centralization of power and "nationalization", and touches on "great-Russian chauvinism".
Завантаження
Посилання
Address by the President of the Russian Federation, 21 February 2022, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828
A New Era of Soviet Development. Rakovsky. Selected Writings, pp. 88–105.
Broué, P. 1996. Rakovsky ou la Révolution dans tous les pays. Paris, Fayard.
Cherniavskii, G. I., Stanchev, M. G., Tortika, (Lobanova), M. V. 2014. Zhiznennyi put’ Khristiana Raskogo [Life Path of Christian Rakovsky]. Moskva, Tsentropoligraf, 558 p. (in Russian).
Чернявский Г. И., Станчев М. Г., Тортика (Лобанова) М. В. 2014. Жизненный путь Христиана Раковского. Москва, Центрополиграф, 558 с.
Chetvertenoe soveshchanie TsK RKP (b) s otvetsvennymi rabotnikami natsional’nykh respublik i oblastei 12 iunia 1923 g. Stenograficheskii otchet. Moskva, 1923 [Moskva: INSAN, 1992].
Dvenadtsatyi s’ezd RKP (b), 17–25 aprelia 1923 goda. (In Russian).
Двенадцатый съезд РКП (б), 17–25 апреля 1923 года.
Gerns, D. 2023. Lenin und das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Nationen. In Marxistische Blätter.
Izvestiia, 3 January 1919. (In Russian).
Известия, 3 января 1919.
Izvestiia, 26 January 1919. (In Russian).
Известия, 26 января 1919.
Izvestiia TsK KPSS, 1991, No. 3. (In Russian).
Известия ЦК КПСС, 1991, № 3.
Kommissiia 6 Oktiabria [Commission 6 October]. URL: https://istmat.org/node/26881#_ftn3. (In Russian).
Комиссия 6 Октября. URL: https://istmat.org/node/26881#_ftn3.
Kommunist [Communist], 18 October, 1922. (In Russian).
Коммунист, 18 октября, 1922.
Kuzio, T. 2000. Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence. 2nd edition. London, MacMillan Press, Ch. 9.
Lenin, V. I. ‘Letter to the Congress’. URL: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1922/dec/testamnt/congress.htm.
Lewin, M. 2016. The Soviet Century. Еd. by Gregory Elliot London, Verso.
Markwick, R. D. 2022. ‘“Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality”: Putin’s Remaking of Imperial Russia’, Arena Quarterly, No. 10, June 2022. URL: https://arena.org.au/orthodoxy-autocracy-and-nationality-putins-remaking-imperial-russia/.
Martin, T. 2001. The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939.
Rakovsky, Chr. 1980. Selected Writings on Opposition in the USSR 1923-30. Еdited with an Introduction by Gus Fagan. London, Allison & Busby.
Rakovskii, K. ‘Tezisy po ukrainskomu voprosu’ [Theses on the Ukrainian Issue]. URL: https://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/2897-andrij-zdorov-tezi-z_ukrajinskogo-pitannya-khristiyana-rakovskogo-1919-r-publikatsiya-dokumentu.
Раковский К. Тезисы по украинскому вопросу. URL: https://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/istoriya-i-pamyat-vazhki-pitannya/2897-andrij-zdorov-tezi-z_ukrajinskogo-pitannya-khristiyana-rakovskogo-1919-r-publikatsiya-dokumentu.
Stalin, Dvenadtsatyi s’ezd. (In Russian).
Сталин, Двенадцатый съезд.
Stenograficheskii otchet [Verbatim Report]. Moskva, Izd. Poli. Lit., 1968. (In Russian).
Стенографический отчет. Москва, Изд. Поли. Лит., 1968.
Stalin, I. V. ‘Zakliuchitel’noe slovo na IV soveshchanii TsK RKP (b) s otvetsvennymi rabotnikami natsional’nykh respublik i oblastei 12 iunia 1923 g. URL: https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/stalin/t5/t5_25_4.htm#p78.
Suny, R. G., Martin, T. 2001. A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
XII S’ezd RKP (b), stenogramma zasedaniia sektsii s’ezda po natsional’nomu voprosu 25 aprel’ia 1923 g. (In Russian).
XII Съезд РКП (Б), стенограмма заседания секции съезда по национальному вопросу 25 апреля 1923 г.
The “Professional Dangers” of Power. Rakovsky. Selected Writings, pp. 124-136; https://www.marxists.org/archive/rakovsky/1928/08/prodanger.htm.
The Right of Nations to Self-Determination. URL: https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1914/self-det/.