Clinical Guidelines of Ukrainian Hair Research Society. Diagnosis and Treatment  of Alopecia Areata

doi:10.26565/2617-409X-2023-12-06

Inessa Serbina V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-206X
Kuzma Кhobzei V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2879-9240
Tetyana Lіadova V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-2599
Oleksandr Litus Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3708-2666
Svitlana Vozianova Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6445-3442
Yuriy Andrashko Uzhhorod National University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-6754
Svitlana Galnykina I. Gorbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5529
Tetiana Sviatenko Dnipro State Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-2937
Igor Svistunov Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-354X
Orysya Syzon Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-2521
Iryna Kadyhrob V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2551-0256
Yuliya Ovcharenko V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2412-2251

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2617-409X-2023-12-06

Keywords: alopecia areata, autoimmunity, quality of life, guidelines, algorithm, diagnosis, treatment

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated disease resulting from the interaction of genetic factors and exogenous triggers, leading to the activation of the Janus Kinases - Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway, the formation of non-specific autoimmune inflammation and disruption of immune tolerance of hair follicles. Alopecia areata has an unpredictable course with a non-scarring type of hair loss, it can affect the hair part of the head and/or hair in other areas, it can be manifested by damage to the nail plates. The psychotraumatic impact of this disease can be compared to the consequences of life-threatening or disabling diseases. For this reason, the degree of negative impact of alopecia areata on the quality of life may not correlate with the objective condition of patients, which is often not taken into account in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Despite the variety of treatment options available, achieving effective and safe disease control is not always straightforward. Treating patients with alopecia areata and comorbid conditions can be particularly challenging and may require close collaboration between specialists from various fields. For these and other reasons, there is significant dissatisfaction among patients regarding alopecia areata and its treatment. The systematic organization, unification, and adaptation of modern knowledge about alopecia areata have led to the creation of two algorithms: a diagnostic algorithm and a therapeutic algorithm. These algorithms provide a differentiated approach to patient management, with age, disease severity, clinical form, disease activity stage, comorbid pathology, prognostic factors, and patient quality of life taken into account. Agents with immunosuppressive action belong to the main group of drugs in the treatment of alopecia areata, according to the antigenic concept of the pathogenesis of the disease. Ongoing work is being done to update treatment protocols to include JAK inhibitors and other preparations, taking into based on new developments and the expanding pharmaceutical market.

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Author Biographies

Inessa Serbina, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

MD, PhD, Professor at the department of infectious diseases and сlinical іmmunology, medical faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 6 Svobody sq., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 06122

Kuzma Кhobzei, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

graduate student of the department of infectious diseases and сlinical іmmunology, medical faculty of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, dermatovenerologist, trichologist, chief physician of Khobzei Clinic, Kyiv, Ukraine

Tetyana Lіadova, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

MD, PhD, Professor of the department of infectious diseases and clinical immunology, Dean of the medical faculty, V. N. Karazina Kharkiv National University, Svobody Square, 6, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61022

Oleksandr Litus, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the department of dermatovenerology, allergology, clinical and laboratory immunology of the Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

Svitlana Vozianova, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the department of dermatovenerology, allergology, clinical and laboratory immunology of the Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

Yuriy Andrashko, Uzhhorod National University

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the department Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Uzhhorod National University

Svitlana Galnykina, I. Gorbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the department of infectious diseases with epidemiology, skin and venereal diseases of the I. Gorbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

Tetiana Sviatenko, Dnipro State Medical University

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Dnipro State Medical University

Igor Svistunov, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine

MD, PhD, Professor, Professor of the department of dermatovenerology, allergology, clinical and laboratory immunology of the Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv

Orysya Syzon, Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the department of dermatology, venereology of the Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University

Iryna Kadyhrob, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

PhD, associate professor of the department of infectious diseases and Clinical Immunology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 6 Svobody sq., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 06122

Yuliya Ovcharenko, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University

MD, PhD, Professor at the department of infectious diseases and сlinical іmmunology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 6 Svobody sq., Kharkiv, Ukraine, 06122

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