THEATER AS ANTHROPOLOGICAL MODEL OF «MIRROR OF LIFE» AND EDUCATIONAL STRATEGY OF GAME IN F. SCHILLER'S PHILOSOPHY
Abstract
The article explores theater as anthropological model in F. Schiller`s philosophy. The purpose of the article is to give consideration to theater, its educational functions in the philosophy of F. Schiller. The objective of the study is also to analyze the educational model of theater as a «mirror of public life» and reflection of this model in works of F. Schiller, its anthropocentrism, Theatrical play is considered as educational strategy for transformation of man and humanity, the importance of theatrical art is considered as an effective tool for mass culture. Scientific novelty. Animal (physical) and spiritual nature of man are closely interrelated and without this physiological and mental connection human life would be impossible (early works of F. Schiller). The completion of Schiller’s aesthetic research is in his philosophy of theater. To understand such a new stage in the development of theater, Ericа Fischer-Lichte suggests the concept of «philosophical theater». We argue that this concept is more related to theatrical practice, so in our work on Schiller’s philosophy and his theoretical legacy, we can use two concepts: «philosophy of theater» and «philosophical theater». At the same time, we pay more attention to anthropological consequences of Schiller’s philosophical and aesthetic pursuits. The concept of beauty and appeal to high art is central in Schiller’s philosophy because, as he believed, without these components it is impossible to form a virtuous and happy person. Beauty (theatrical form, performance) connects senses and mind – it can be a means for a person to move from matter to form, from sensations to laws, from limited to unconditional existence. In our work we have highlighted and analyzed educational functions of theater in the philosophy of F. Schiller. As one of representatives of the German Enlightenment and idealism, F. Schiller suggests Enlightenment model of theater as a «mirror of social life», the way of educating humanity and correcting its mistakes. This model is anthropocentric because it involves certain identification of art form and man himself through the live image. The best way to form such live images is theatrical art as it involves free playing nature of man, thus acting is not only a means of influence (moral didactics) but also organization of society (state, national theater), especially in critical situations of socio-cultural development. Schiller’s theater became a philosophical response to French Revolution, that is, a means of reforming society and man without violence through artistic transformation.
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References
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