Main aspects of protection, reproduction and recreational use of natural complexes on the territory of Gomilshan National Natural Park
Abstract
According to the Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, national nature parks are territories of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, nature protection, recreational, cultural, educational, research institutions of national importance created to preserve, reproduce and effectively use natural complexes and objects that have a special environmental, health, historical and cultural, scientific, educational and aesthetic value. The drawback of the internal structure, the lack of rational architectural and planning organization as well as measures for the arrangement of NNP have led not only to the deterioration of their condition, but in some cases to the loss of unique natural landscapes.
One of the most important principles of effective use of nature reserves is functional zoning. The main task to be solved in the functional zoning of the territory is to study the features of spatial distribution of natural complexes and anthropogenic load. In the course of the research, the authors of the article proposed a promising scheme of functional zoning of NPP “Gomilshan Forests”. The priority and determining value in the functional zoning is the protected area.
The most effective method of functional zoning is to develop a layout of zones with concentric circles, where the central circle is a protected area. When planning the functional zoning of the NNP territory and establishing the boundaries of functional zones, the priority criterion was preservation of phytocoenotic diversity of vegetation and especially the presence and distribution of typical and rare plant groups, listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. Analysis of the syntaxonomic composition of the vegetation in the NNP has showed that there are rare phytocenoses in the vegetation of this area included in the Green Book of Ukraine.
Functional zoning of NPP “Gomilshan Forests” is an important prerequisite for its further development, conservation of biodiversity and rational use of nature. Given the current state of forests and the nature and level of recreational use of NNP ecosystems, the zoning of its territory should be aimed at management optimization, and in the future, the leading direction will gradually become recreational.
The advantage of the proposed scheme is the significant differences in the area ratio of the functional zones in accordance with international requirements, and their boundaries are consistent with the boundaries of the PTC, which makes it possible to protect them holistically and use them rationally.
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