Geoenergy assessment of forest ecosystems of Transnistria

Abstract

On the basis of the proposed geoenergy approach, the energy efficiency of forestry and ecosystems of the Transnistrian Moldavian Republic in a single energy unit – joules has been studied. Relevance of the study is explained by the fact that the energy crisis in the 1970s has dramatically increased interest in the problem of energy consumption and energy saving. Despite the calls and practice of energy saving over a hundred years, the specific energy costs increased by 8-10 times. All these data indicate the need to introduce energy-efficient technologies of environmental management in all spheres of human activity. The geoenergy approach allows us to identify ways to optimize functioning of the forest ecosystems of Transnistria. The existing practice of forestry enterprises of the Republic leads to the destructive use of natural resources and the loss of oak plantations – the main forest-forming species of Transnistria. The final product of the enterprises is the volume of wood and not full restoration on a natural type of forests. The basis for the sustainable development model of the forest ecosystem of Transnistria is energy-efficient reforestation technology. Based on studies conducted in the Kalagur tract the article describes a technique for laying oak plantation by planting two-year seedlings (automated and manually) using forest environment, maternal spaces and the elements of natural regeneration associated rocks and shrubs. The use of mechanization is minimal in this reforestation technology and the use of the forest environment of the mother plantings is maximal. The energy intensity of the proposed reforestation technology is 0.004, which is several times lower than other reforestation technologies used in the country. The studies carried out in the Kalagur tract have also made it possible to assess the energy potential of forest ecosystems and the energy efficiency of forest management throughout the country. The proposed technology of optimization of forest ecosystems functioning allows not only to increase the energy potential of the forest, but also to create highly productive forests, valuable from economic and
environmental points of view. In a promising energy-saving model of reforestation with minimal use of mechanization and other types of work we not only save energy (the cost of mechanization, fuel and labor), but also preserve the biodiversity of natural systems and increase the use of solar energy and precipitation.