Implementation of ESG approaches in the accounting, reporting, and taxation system of enterprises in the context of sustainable development

Abstract

The article explores the peculiarities of implementing ESG approaches into the system of accounting, financial reporting, and taxation of enterprises in Ukraine in the context of sustainable development. This analysis has made it possible to identify key directions for transforming the accounting and information system under conditions of European integration changes and the consequences of military actions, and to emphasize that the integration of environmental, social, and governance factors is an important tool for increasing reporting transparency and ensuring effective management of sustainable development of enterprises.

Introduction. In the current conditions of Ukraine’s economic development, the integration of sustainable development principles into enterprise activities is of particular importance. Global ESG (environmental, social, and governance responsibility) trends and internal transformations related to European integration commitments and the consequences of military actions create new requirements for accounting, financial reporting, and taxation systems. In this context, the role of accounting and information support is increasing, as it must reflect not only financial performance but also non-financial indicators of sustainable development.

Problem statement. Traditional accounting approaches do not provide a complete representation of the economic, environmental, and social impact of enterprises’ activities, which complicates the assessment of their sustainable development and the making of effective managerial decisions.

Unresolved aspects. Despite the active development of the ESG concept, there are gaps in Ukraine’s regulatory framework regarding the integration of ESG components into the chart of accounts and taxation mechanisms. There are no methodologically substantiated approaches to the formation of information for taxation purposes regarding expenditures on ESG projects.

Objective of the article. The aim of the study is to develop approaches to the implementation of ESG principles into the system of accounting, financial reporting, and the formation of information for taxation purposes of enterprises in order to ensure a comprehensive assessment of sustainable development and efficient resource management.

Main material. The research was conducted using systemic, logical, and comparative analysis of Ukrainian regulatory legal acts and international ESG reporting standards (CSRD, ESRS). A fragment of a working chart of accounts integrating ESG factors has been proposed, which provides for the detailing of expenses and income by environmental, social, and governance directions. This enables the generation of relevant information for both financial and non-financial reporting.

Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the possibility of forming an integrated information base that combines financial and non-financial indicators of enterprise sustainable development. This contributes to increased reporting transparency, improved quality of managerial decisions, and stimulation of "green" investments. The proposed methodological approaches may be used to modernize the accounting system, financial reporting, and practices of forming information for taxation purposes of enterprises in Ukraine.