Синтез термоелектричних матеріалів на основі Bi2Te3, легованих NH4I, в атмосфері інертного газу з використанням автоматизованої системи

  • Карімберді Е. Онаркулов Ферганський державний університет, Фергана, Узбекистан https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-978X
  • Туланбой М. Азімов Ферганський державний університет, Фергана, Узбекистан https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4789-637X
  • Кизлархон І. Гайназарова Ферганський державний університет, Фергана, Узбекистан https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7894-0514
  • Адхамжон І. Зокіров Ферганський державний університет, Фергана, Узбекистан https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-1115
  • Нодірбек В. Носіров Ферганський медичний інститут громадського здоров'я, Узбекистан https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8419-7885
Ключові слова: термоелектричні матеріали, Bi2Te3, автоматизація, вакуумне середовище, інертний газ, зонне плавлення, відпал, SCADA, PLC, коефіцієнт Зеєбека, ZT

Анотація

This article presents a comprehensive approach aimed at the full automation of the technology for producing semiconductor thermoelectric materials. The main stages of the technological chain are automatic dosing of high-purity raw materials in precise stoichiometric ratios. The combined use of vacuum at 10⁻³ Torr and an inert gas atmosphere (argon at 1.5 atm), holding at a temperature of 720°C for 5–6 hours, crystal growth by the zone melting method, and the cooling (annealing) regime—are analyzed as a single optimized process. The temperature–time profile, diffusion processes, and cooling dynamics are substantiated on the basis of physical models, including Fick’s law and Newton’s law of cooling. It is shown that real-time control of technological parameters using PLC controllers, SCADA systems, and artificial intelligence algorithms ensures phase homogeneity of the material, reduces defect density, and stabilizes electrophysical parameters. In ammonium iodide–doped Bi2Te3 thermoelement samples, the stability of electrical conductivity, the Seebeck coefficient, and the power factor along the entire sample length confirms the homogeneous distribution of dopant additives and the formation of a high-quality crystal structure. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of the proposed automated technology for the effective application of Bi2Te3-based materials in low- and medium-temperature thermoelectric devices.

Завантаження

##plugins.generic.usageStats.noStats##

Посилання

Liu K., Li Y.-Z., Wu Y., Ying P., He R., Fu C., et al. “Application requirements and design strategies of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric devices for low-quality thermal energy,” cMat. 1, e11 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/cmt2.11

Ya. Usmonov, M. Nabiyev, Sh. Yakubova, and T. M. Azimov, Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan Patent for an invention Uz FAP № IAP05968 (2019).

Zhang Z., Sun M., Liu J., Cao L., Su M., Liao Q., Deng Y., Qin L. “Ultra-fast fabrication of Bi2Te3 based thermoelectric materials by flash-sintering at room temperature combining with spark plasma sintering,” Scientific Reports, 12, 10045 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14405-5

Alrebdi T.A., Wudil Y.S., Ahmad U.F., Yakasai F.A., Mohammed J., Kallas F.H. “Predicting the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric energy materials: A machine learning approach,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 181, 107784 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107784

Huang W., Tan X., Cai J., Zhuang S., Zhou C., Wu J., Liu G., Liang B., Jiang J. “Synergistic effects improve thermoelectric properties of zone-melted n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3,” Materials Today Physics, 32, 101022 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtphys.2023.101022

Chen M., Mao Z., Ji Y., P.-a. Zong, and Q. Zhang. “Bi2Te3-based flexible thermoelectrics,” Materials Today Energy, 44, 101643 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2024.101643

Eker E., Izci D., Ekinci S., Elsayed F.M., Salman M. “A Novel 2-DOF PIDA control strategy with GCRA-based parameter optimization for electric furnace temperature control,” PLoS ONE, 20(10), e0334594 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0334594

ISA (International Society of Automation). ISA-88 Series of Standards — Batch Process Control (ISA-88/ANSI).

Siemens. Engineering and automation of batch processes with PCS 7 along ISA-88 models.

K. Onarkulov, K. Gaynazarova, and D. Tashlanova, “Thermoelectric efficiency is related to the mobility of electrons and holes in alloys.,” Science and Innovation, 1(A4), 56-59 (2022). (in Uzbek)

T. M. Azimov, K. I. Gaynazarova, M. K. Onarkulov, and A. A. Yuldashev. “Thermoelectric and Galvanomagnetic Properties of the Alloy Bi2Te3+ 0.04 Weight% Ni in the Temperature Range 77÷ 300 K,” Am. J. Mod. Phys. 10(6), 124-128 (2021). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20211006.12

S. Puthran et al. “Defect-engineered single crystal Bi2Te3 via Sb and Se doping for enhanced thermoelectric performance,” J. Mater. Sci. 60(42), 20529-20557 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-025-11567-1

T. Azimov, K. Gajnazarova, and K. Onarkulov. “Method for determining the contact resistance of thermoelements,” Euroasian J. Semicond. Sci. Eng. 2(5), 11 (2020).

O. Karimberdi, Y. Usmanov, and A. Toolanboy. “Semiconductor Sensor for Detecting Volume Changes at Low Temperatures,” Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med. 7(2), 2353-2358 (2020).

I. S. Ahmadov, Z. S. Aliev, and M. B. Babanly, “Phase equilibria of reciprocal system,” Alloys and Compounds Volume 929, 25 December 2022, 167388 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167388

K. Onarkulov, and T. Azimov, “Study of diffusion processes in contact areas of thermocouples with metals,” E3S Web Conf. 376, 01058 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337601058

K. Onarkulov, and T. Azimov, “Diffusion processes in contact areas thermoelements based on Pb-Sb alloys,” AIP Conf. Proc. 3045(1), 030096 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0197662

Опубліковано
2026-09-07
Цитовано
Як цитувати
Онаркулов, К. Е., Азімов, Т. М., Гайназарова, К. І., Зокіров, А. І., & Носіров, Н. В. (2026). Синтез термоелектричних матеріалів на основі Bi2Te3, легованих NH4I, в атмосфері інертного газу з використанням автоматизованої системи. Східно-європейський фізичний журнал, (3), 370-377. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2026-3-32