The Effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Addition on the Shielding Properties Against Gamma Radiation
Abstract
In this work, the effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) addition on the materials shielding properties against Gamma radiation with an energy of 662 keV from a 137Cs source is investigated. The linear attenuation coefficient of MWCNTs-based materials (gelatin-water mixture) with MWCNTs concentrations of 0%, 5%, and 10% is measured. To isolate the contribution of the MWCNTs unique structure to the shielding capabilities, samples with the same concentrations of activated carbon were fabricated and their linear attenuation coefficients were obtained. Also, the linear and the mass attenuation coefficients are obtained theoretically for the same concentrations using the XCOM program and compared with measured values. It is found that the addition of MWCNTs by 5% or 10% has increased the linear attenuation coefficient by around 5% when compared to the same concentrations of activated carbon. This increase in the shielding apabilities against gamma radiation can be related to the interaction of gamma radiation with the extraordinary geometry and structure of MWCNTs.
Downloads
References
Z. Shariatinia, “Applications of carbon nanotubes,” in Handbook of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, edited by S.
Thomas, C. Sarathchandran, S. A. Ilangovan, and J. C. Moreno-Pirajan, (Elsevier, 2021). pp. 321-364.
P.S. R. Kumar, and S. J. Alexis, “Synthesized Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications,” in: Carbon-Based
Nanofillers and Their Rubber Nanocomposites, edited by S. Yaragalla, R. Mishra, S. Thomas, N. Kalarikkal, and H. J. Maria, (Elsevier, 2019), Chapter Four, pp. 109-122.
A. D’Alessandro, and F. Ubertini, “Advanced Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Engineering Technologies,” in: in: Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes, edited by J. Abraham, S. Thomas, and N. Kalarikkal, (Springer, 2021), pp. 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70614-6 75-1
H. P. Wong, and D. Akinwande, Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Device Physics, (Cambridge University Press, 2010). Chapter 9, pp. 233–248.
A. Agarwal, A. Nieto, D. Lahiri, A. Bisht, and S. R. Bakshi, Carbon nanotubes: Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, (CRC Press, 2021).
Q. Li, J. Liu, and S. Xu, “Progress in research on carbon nanotubes reinforced cementitious composites,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2015, 307-445 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/307435
M. A. Tarawneh, S. A. Saraireh, R. S. Chen, S. H. Ahmad, M. A. Al-Tarawni, and L. J. Yu, “Gamma irradiation influence on mechanical, thermal and conductivity properties of hybrid carbon nanotubes/montmorillonite nanocomposites,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 179, 109168 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109168
J. Naveen, S. Amizhtan, M. Danikas, T. Imai, and R. Sarathi, “Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy/TiO2 nanocomposite,” in: 2021 IEEE International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPADM49635.2021.9493940
T. Fujimori, S. Tsuruoka, B. Fugetsu, S. Maruyama, A. Tanioka, M. Terrones, M.S. Dresselhaus, M. Endo, and K. Kaneko, “Enhanced X-ray shielding effects of carbon nanotubes,” Materials Express, 1(4), 273-278 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2011.1043
A. Ambrosio, and C. Aramo, “Carbon nanotubes-based radiation detectors,” in: Carbon Nanotubes Applications on Electron Devices, edited by J.M. Marulanda, (IntechOpen, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/18086
J. E. Martin, Physics for radiation protection, Chapter 8, 3d edition, (WILEY-VCH, 2013), pp. 307-361.
H. Hassan, H. Badran, A. Aydarous, and T. Sharshar, “Studying the effect of nano lead compounds additives on the concrete shielding properties for γ-rays,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 360, 81-89 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.07.126
A. M. El-Khatib, T. I. Shalaby, A. Antar, and M. Elsafi, “Improving gamma ray shielding behaviors of polypropylene using PBO nanoparticles: An experimental study,” Materials, 15(11), 3908 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113908
W. Zhang, H. Xiong, S. Wang, M. Li, Y. Gu, and R. Li, “Gamma-ray shielding performance of Carbon Nanotube Film material,” Materials Express, 6(5), 456-460 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2016.1326
J. Viegas, L. A. Silva, A. M. S. Batista, C. A. Furtado, J. P. Nascimento, and L. O. Faria, “Increased X-ray Attenuation Efficiency of Graphene-Based Nanocomposite,” Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(41), 11782-11790 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02711
A. Mashal, B. Sitharaman, X. Li, P. K. Avti, A. V. Sahakian, J. H. Booske, and S. C. Hagness, “Toward carbon nanotube-based the ranostic agents for microwave detection and treatment of breast cancer: Enhanced dielectric and heating response of tissue-mimicking materials,” IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 57(8), 1831-1834 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTBME.2010.2042597
M. L. Taylor, and T. Kron, “Consideration of the radiation dose delivered away from the treatment field to patients in radiotherapy,” Journal of Medical Physics, 36(2), 59-71 (2011). https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0971-6203.79686
H. ltynowicz, P. Hodurek, J. Kaczmarczyk, M. Kula˙zy´nski, and M. Lukaszewicz, “Hydrolysis of surfactin over activated carbon,” Bioorganic Chemistry, 93, 102896 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.070
M. Berger, J. Hubbell, S. Seltzer, J. Chang, J. Coursey, R. Sukumar, D. Zucker, and K. Olsen, “XCOM: photon cross database (section version 1.5) Gaithersburg, MD: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (2010). https://dx.doi.org/10.18434/T48G6X
J. T. Bushberg, “The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents. X-ray interactions,” RadioGraphics, 18(2), 457-468 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.18.2.9536489
Y. M. Tsipenyuk, Physical methods, instruments and Measurements, (Eolss Publishers Co Ltd, 2009).
H. Cember, T. E. Johnson, Introduction to Health Physics, 4th ed., (McGraw-Hill Education, 2008).
M. M. Altarawneh, G. A. Alharazneh, and O. Y. Al-Madanat, ”Dielectric properties of single wall carbon nanotubes-based gelatin phantoms,” Journal of Advanced Dielectrics, 8(02), 1850010 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010135X18500108
M. Lazebnik, E. L. Madsen, G. R. Frank, and S. C. Hagness, “Tissue-mimicking phantom materials for narrowband and ultrawideband microwave applications,” Physics in Medicine and Biology, 50(18), 4245-4258 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/18/001
P. Worsfold, A. Townshend, C.F. Poole, and M. Manuel, Encyclopedia of analytical science, (Elsevier, 2019).
B. Irene, and C. Grupen, Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging, (Springer, 2012).
L. Gerward, N. Guilbert, K. Jensen, H. Levring, “WinXCom – a program for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients,” Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 71(3-4), 653-654 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.040
O. V. Kharissova, and B. I. Kharisov, “Variations of interlayer spacing in carbon nanotubes,” RSC Adv. 4(58), 30807-30815 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04201H
Copyright (c) 2023 Moaz Altarawneh, Mutaz Aladailaha, Osama Al-Madanat
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
