SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE BASIS OF OVERCOMING INEQUALITY
Abstract
The views on inequality from the point of view of the theory of liberalism and egalitarianism are considered. From the standpoint of the theory of liberalism, inequality is the natural state of affairs for which each person must be responsible, because all have equal opportunities. The only thing the government is responsible for is just ensuring equal opportunities for everyone. From the standpoint of egalitarianism, inequality is not a natural phenomenon. In this case, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure to every person not only has equal opportunity but equal results too.
The causes and consequences of inequality are identified. It is stated that excessive inequality has many negative social and economic consequences. Thus, the main negative consequence of excessive income inequality is that the rich are able to make decisions in their own favor. This undermines the foundations of democracy and preserves a state of affairs when people from the lower levels of society cannot get to power; there are no social elevators. This leads to the fact that the ruling elite will not get outsiders, there will be no new ideas, and thus economic growth will decline.
The origins of inequality in Ukraine are considered. The origins of inequality in Ukraine are presented. Ukraine is a country from the post-Soviet space in which visible equality was observed, but in reality there was an inequality associated with belonging to a certain elite, primarily political, ideological.
Ukraine has inherited the hidden inequality. So today, according to the official data, inequality in Ukraine is at the minimal level. According to the Palmа Ratio, Ukraine is the leader in the ranking of the most equal societies. It has been found that Ukrainian scientists explain this phenomenon with insufficient quality of sample studies (on the basis of which the inequality indicators are calculated) and the neglect of shadow incomes.
An analysis of recent trends in Ukraine has shown that inequality is rising primarily due to higher incomes in the highest positions in the public sector. In order to reduce income inequality in Ukraine, it is proposed to restore progressive income taxation and increase social standards, including the subsistence minimum and the minimum wage.
Downloads
References
V Kabmine obnarodovali uroven zarplat ministrov: kto i skolko zarabatyvaet? (2020). Praktika vlasti. 19 yanv. URL: https://praktika-vlasti.com.ua/22384-2 [In Russian].
Dyferentsiatsiia zhyttievoho rivnia naselennia. Informatsiia Derzhavnoi sluzhby statystyky Ukrainy. (2019). URL: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua [In Ukrainian].
Za ramkami urovnya dohodov i srednih pokazatelej segodnyashnego neravenstvo v chelovekom razvitii v XXI veke: doklad o chelovecheskom razvitii. (2019). URL: http://www.hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2019_ru.pdf [іn Russion].
Zarplaty dlya top-chinovnikov: skolko poluchayut ministry v Evrope i Ukraine. (2020). Ekonomicheskie novosti. 16 yanv. URL: https://enovosty.com/news_society/full/1601-zarplaty-dlyatop-chinovnikov-skolko-poluchayut-ministry-v-evrope-i-ukraine [іn Russian].
Koval, N.V. (2016). Sotsialno-ekonomichna nerivnist v Ukraini ta sviti: problemy otsiniuvannia ta shliakhy yikh vyrishennia. Ekonomika ta derzhava, 2, 46–50 [in Ukrainian].
Libanova, E. (2017). Nadmirna sotsialno nepryiniatna nerivnist: holovnyi vyklyk dlia ukrainskoho suspilstva. Visnyk Natsionalnoi akademii nauk Ukrainy, 5, 22–25. URL:http://dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/handle/123456789/122442 [іn Ukrainian].
Libanova, E. (2014). Nerivnist v ukrainskomu suspilstvi: vytoky ta suchasnist. Ekonomika Ukrajiny, 3 (68), 4–19. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/EkUk_2014_3_2 [іn Ukrainian].
Libanova, E. (2014). Nerivnist za dokhodamy v suchasnii Ukraini. Sotsialno-trudovi vidnosyny: teoriia ta praktyka, 2, 26–36. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/stvttp_2014_2_4 [іn Ukrainian].
Naumova, M.A. (2018). Dyferentsiatsiia dokhodiv naselennia Ukrainy: tendentsii ta faktory. Naukovyi pohliad : ekonomika ta upravlinnia, 2 (60). URL : http://scientificview.umsf.in.ua/archive/2018/2_60_2018/20.pdf.
Libanovoi, E.M. (Ed.) (2012). Nerivnist v Ukraini. Masshtaby ta mozhlyvosti vplyvu. Kyiv: In-t demohrafii ta sotsialnykh doslidzhen imeni M.V. Ptukhy NAN Ukrainy [іn Ukrainian].
Nominalnyj VVP Ukrainy s 2002 po 2019 gg. (2019). URL: https://index.minfin.com.ua/economy/gdp [іn Russian].
Pro Rekomendatsii parlamentskykh slukhan na temu: “Problemy formuvannia prozhytkovoho minimumu v Ukraini”: Proiekt postanovy Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy vid 21.01.2020 r. № 2789. URL: http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/DI01243A.html [іn Ukrainian].
Ukraina ocholyla reitynh krain, de rozryv mizh bahatymy i bidnymy naimenshyi. (2017). Ekonomichna pravda. 27 kvitnia. URL: https://www.epravda.com.ua/news/2017/04/27/624325 [іn Ukrainian].
Chang Ha-Dzhun. (2016). Kak ustroena ekonomika. E. Ivchenko. (Ed). Moskow: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber [In Russian].
Yurchyk, H.M., Samoliuk, N.M. (2016). Otsiniuvannia dyferentsiatsii dokhodiv naselennia z urakhuvanniam yikh tinovoi komponenty. Demohrafiia ta sotsialna ekonomika, 3 (28), 133–145 [іn Ukrainian].
Income inequality. OECD Data: vebsajt. URL: https://data.oecd.org/inequality/incomeinequality.htm.
World Development Indicators database. The World Bank: vebsajt. URL: http://data.worldbank.org.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
