ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FACTORY INSPECTORS: XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY
Abstract
The work considers the conditions and challenges of the current state of socio-economic development, where the issues of improving international labor standards as well as their implementation in the legislative process, and occupational safety policy of individual countries are becoming particularly relevant. Modern globalization processes have a destructive effect on the established social standards and on the social protection of certain categories of workers (exacerbating the problems of employment, youth employment, unemployment, labor migration, etc.). In this sense, the issues concerning formation of the institute of factory inspectors, as well as the reasons and specific features of founding the International Labor Organization, which was established in 1919 and has been protecting working people for a century, deserve additional attention.
The process of formation and development of the system of social protection of workers, which was influenced by a number of social and socio-cultural changes at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries, is revealed. This also applies to the institution of factory inspection, which was established in the United Kingdom and eventually became widespread. The legal basis for such innovations was factory legislation, the meaning of which can be interpreted in a narrow and broad sense (in the narrow sense, covering various aspects of labor protection, while in the broad sense – becoming the basis for the formation of a modern institution of labor law). The situation of factory inspection was different in some countries, but in many countries over time it began to play a significant role in preventing arbitrariness in the workplace.
It has been proved that the formation and gradual improvement of the institution of factory inspectors became an important institutional basis, which prompted the formation of an international institution with the main function in the field of labor protection. From the very beginning of the establishment of this institution, public officials received a clear mechanism for inspecting jobs and improving the relevant area of legal regulation based on a comprehensive analysis of negative factors of production.
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