EXISTENTIAL EXPERIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF WESTERN AND EASTERN PARADIGMS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of the phenomenology of existential experience in the context of the paradigms of Western and Eastern philosophy. Earlier we talked about five so-called paradigms of philosophizing: Indian, Chinese, Ancient, Abrahamic, Modern or Scientist.
Indian philosophy is based on traditional Indian cultural ideas about reincarnation, samsara, and liberation from the web of samsara. The Chinese paradigm is based on an organismic worldview: the universe is perceived as a single organism, where each person is something like an organ within this organism and, like an organ in an ordinary organism, it has its own place and function (its own Tao). The Ancient paradigm is the most problematic, since all we have today are texts that can sometimes be interpreted in completely different ways; we suggest, following P. Hadot, that it can be interpreted as a practical discipline for finding happiness in a world hostile to man. The Abrahamic paradigm comes from the ideas of monotheism, creationism and revelationism. Modern scientific philosophy proceeds from the ideas about reality that natural sciences provide. All the various directions of modern philosophy develop in one way or another in the context of a worldview based on natural sciences. Hence such dissimilar directions of modern philosophy as positivism, which directly follows natural (positive) sciences, and existentialism, which deals with questions of human existence in the face of a world indifferent to all human ideas and values.
It is shown that existentialism, a direction that is in closely related to phenomenology, is a natural manifestation of the scientific paradigm, but at the same time, existential experience in one form or another has been repeatedly highlighted within the framework of other paradigms, often acquiring much deeper coverage there.
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