Energy Transport in a MHD Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Over a Porous Exponentially Stretching Sheet
Abstract
This study presents an in-depth analysis of heat transfer mechanisms and fluid flow behavior associated with hybrid nanofluids in the presence of an exponentially stretching surface. Hybrid nanofluids, formed by dispersing more than one type of nanoparticle within a base fluid, exhibit superior thermophysical properties compared to conventional nanofluids. Their enhanced thermal conductivity, modified density, and tailored specific heat capacity make them highly suitable for advanced applications in nanotechnology, renewable energy systems, high-performance electronics cooling, and industrial-scale heat exchangers. The novelty of the present research lies in its attempt to explore the combined impact of hybrid nanoparticles and exponential stretching on boundary layer dynamics, thereby offering new insights into optimizing thermal systems. The core aim of this investigation is to maximize heat transfer efficiency under varying physical and operational conditions. To achieve this, the governing partial differential equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and appropriate dimensionless parameters. This mathematical reformulation simplifies the complexity of the problem while preserving the essential physics of the flow. A computational framework is developed in MATLAB, where the coupled system of equations is solved using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method integrated with a shooting technique to ensure accuracy and stability. The analysis highlights the roles of key parameters such as magnetic field intensity, Eckert number (viscous dissipation effects), Prandtl number (thermal diffusivity effects), and thermal radiation on velocity profiles, temperature distributions, and porous medium behavior. The results not only reveal the sensitivity of the flow and thermal fields to these controlling factors but also identify regimes where hybrid nanofluids significantly outperform traditional working fluids.
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