Three-Dimensional MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of Water-Based Nanofluids over a Stretching Surface with Coriolis Force and Thermal Effects
Abstract
This study focuses on the thermal behavior and three-dimensional boundary layer flow of water-based nanofluids over a stretched surface, considering the combined effects of Coriolis and Lorentz forces. The model includes several important physical aspects such as surface convection, internal heat generation, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation. Copper (Cu), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles are dispersed in water to compare their effectiveness in enhancing heat transfer. By applying similarity transformations, the complex system of partial differential equations is reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method along with the shooting technique. The results show that nanofluids containing Cu nanoparticles provide the highest thermal performance, followed by those with Al₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate nanoparticles to improve heat transfer efficiency in thermal management applications. Increasing rotation parameter λ suppresses the axial velocity while simultaneously reducing the temperature distribution, highlighting the damping influence of rotational effects on momentum and heat transport.
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