Investigation of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of MnO Doped with Cu Thin Films Prepared by PLD Technique for Solar Cell Applications
Abstract
In the current study, concentrated Nd:YAG laser pulses at 500 mJ with a second radiation at 1064 nm (pulse width 9 ns) and repetition frequency (6 Hz) for 300 laser pulses incident on the target surface were employed to coat glass substrates with MnO thin films. Using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an atomic force microscope (AFM), and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of the films doped with different concentrations of Cu content (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09) were examined. The results show that the films are polycrystalline, with the largest peak appearing at an angle of 35.31, or a reflection of (111). The crystalline size of the deposited thin films was calculated using Debye Scherer formula and found to increase from 11.8 nm for undoped MnO2 to 29.6 nm for doped (MnO) with the increase of Cu content from x=0 to x=0.09 at preferred orientation of (111). All the samples have a cubic structure. Also, the results showed that Cu content of the films affects the surface morphology. From the results of AFM analysis, it was found that the roughness and average diameter change when adding Cu to the structure, with the highest value occurring at Cu ratio 0.09 equal to 65.40 and 71.21 nm, respectively. UV–Vis spectrophotometer was used to investigate the optical transmission. It was found that when Cu content of films increased, the transmittance of films decreased. Hall Effect measurements show that all prepared films at RT have two type of conductivity P-type and n-type. The electrical characteristics of the (MnO)1-xCux/Si heterojunction Solar Cell have been studied and found that the efficiency (η) decreases with the increase of Cu content.
Downloads
References
P.U. Asogwa, S.C. Ezugwu, F.I. Ezema, “Variation of optical and solid state properties with post deposition annealing in PVA-Capped MnO2 thin films,” Superficies y Vacio, 23(1) 18-22 (2010). https://www.fis.cinvestav.mx/~smcsyv/supyvac/23_1/SV2311810.pdf
D.K. Naser, A.K. Abbas, and K.A. Aadim, “Zeta potential of Ag, Cu, ZnO, CdO and Sn nanoparticles prepared by pulse laser ablation in liquid environment,” Iraqi Journal of Science, 2570-2581 (2020). https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2020.61.10.13
J. Medina-Valtierra, J. Ramrez-Ortiz, V.M. Arroyo-Rojas, and F. Ruiz, “Cyclohexane oxidation over Cu2O–CuO and CuO thin films deposited by CVD process on fiberglass,” Applied Catalysis A, 238, 1-9 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-860X(02)00074-1
R. Naeem, R. Yahya, A. Pandikumar, N.M. Huang, M. Misran, Z. Arifin, and M. Mazhar, “Photoelectrochemical properties of morphology-controlled manganese, iron, nickel and copper oxides nanoball thin films deposited by electric field directed aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition,” Materials Today Communications, 4, 141-148 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2015.06.004
Z.S. Mahdi, and G.H. Mohammed, “Structural and Optical Properties of GO-doped (TiO2: MoS2) Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition,” Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(3S), 5658-5668 (2023). https://sifisheriessciences.com/journal/index.php/journal/article/view/1954/2010
F.K. Allah, S.Y. Abe, C.M. Nunez, A. Khelil, L. Cattin, M. Morsli, J.C. Bernede, et al., “Characterisation of porous doped ZnO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique,” Applied Surface Science, 253, 9241 9247 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.05.055
O. Nilsen, H. Fjellvag, A. Kjekshus, “Growth of manganese oxide thin films by atomic layer deposition,” Thin Solid Films, 444, 44-51 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01101-5
H. Unuma, T. Kanehama, K. Yamamoto, K. Watanabe, T. Ogata, M. Sugawara, “Preparation of thin films of MnO2 and CeO2 by a modified chemical bath (oxidative-soak-coating) method,” Journal of Materials Science, 38, 255-259 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021197029004
M.A. Abood, and B.A. Hasan, “A Comparison Study the Effect of Doping by Ga2O3 and CeO2 On the Structural and Optical Properties of SnO2 Thin Films,” Iraqi Journal of Science, 64(4), 1675-1690 (2023). https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2023.64.4.10
S. Liang, F. Teng, G. Bulgan, R. Zong, and Y. Zhu, “Effect of Phase Structure of MnO2 Nanorod Catalyst on the Activity for CO Oxidation,” Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112, 5307-5315 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0774995
M. Nakayama, Y. Kashiwa, and K. Suzuki, “Electrochromic Properties of MnO2-Based Layered Polymer Nanocomposite,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 156, D125-D130 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3072896
N. Sakai, Y. Ebina, K. Takada, and T. Sasaki, “Electrochromic Films Composed of MnO2 Nanosheets with Controlled Optical Density and High Coloration Efficiency,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 152, E384-E389 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2104227
D. Yuping, M. He, L. Xiaogang, L. Shunhua, and J. Zhijiang, “The microwave electromagnetic characteristics of manganese dioxide with different crystallographic structures,” Physica B, 405, 1826-1831 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.01.055
A.K.M. Farid ul Islam, R. Islam, and K.A. Khan, “Studies on the thermoelectric effect in semiconducting MnO2 thin films,” Journal of materials science: Materials in electronics, 16, 203-207 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-005-0766-1
H. Xia, W. Xiao, M.O. Lai, and I. Lu, “Facile Synthesis of Novel Nanostructured MnO2Thin Films and Their Application in Supercapacitors,” Nanoscale Res. Lett. 4, 1035–1040 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-009-9352-4
R.K. Jamal, M.A. Hameed, and K.A. Adem, “Optical properties of nanostructured ZnO prepared by a pulsed laser deposition technique,” Materials Letters, 132, 31-33 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.06.047
K. Tian, M. Prestgard, and A. Tiwari, “A review of recent advances in nonenzymatic glucose sensors,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 41, 100 118 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2014.04.013
Z. Muslima, and J. Podder, “Structural, optical and electrical properties of Cu: MnO2 nanostructured thin films for glucose sensitivity measurements,” SN Applied Sciences, 2, 385-396 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2191-8
K.A. Aadim, R.A. Alansary, and S.A. Alhady, “Effect of Mn concentration on the structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by pulse laser deposition,” Journal of Research and Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 4(4), 12-19 (2014). https://www.doi.org/10.9790/7388-04441219
G.A. Al-Dahash, Q.M. Salman, and S.F. Haddawi, “Study the Effect of Copper (Cu) Doping on the Structure Properties of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Prepared by Using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD),” J. Univ. Kerbala, 15(2), 87-95 (2017). https://iasj.net/iasj/pdf/f612004da9aae7d2
G.K. Williamson, and R.E. Smallman, “III. Dislocation Densities in Some Annealed and Coldworked Metals from Measurements on the X-Ray Debye-Scherrer Spectrum,” Philos. Mag.: A journal of experimental and applied physics, 1(1), 34-46 (1956). https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435608238074
H. Kim, and C.M. Gilmore, “Transparent conducting aluminum-doped zinc oxide thin films for organic light-emitting devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76(3), 259-261 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.125740
S. Sami, S.S. Chiad, K. Haneen, T. Mubarak, N.F. Habubi, M.K. Mohammed, and A. Khadyair, “Fabrication and study the structure, optical and dispersion parameters of PMMA with InCl3 additive,” J. Glob. Pharma Technol. 11(4), 369-374 (2019).
M.G. Hutchins, O. Abu-Alkhair, M.M. El-Nahass, and K. Abd El-Hady, “Structural and optical characterisation of thermally evaporated tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 98(2-3), 401-405 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.09.052
M. Thakurdesai, N. Kulkarni, B. Chalke, and A. Mahadkar, “Synthesis of CdSe Films by Annealing of Cd/Se Bilayer,” Chalcogenide Lett. 8(3), 223-229 (2011). http://chalcogen.ro/223_Thakurdesai.pdf
S. Sönmezoğlu, A. Arslan, T. Serin, and N. Serin, “The effects of film thickness on the optical properties of TiO2–SnO2 compound thin films,” Phys. Scr. 84(6), 65602, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/84/06/065602
A. Gultekin, “Effect of Au Nanoparticles Doping on The Properties of TiO2 Thin Films,” Materials Science (Medžiagotyra), 20(1), 1392-1320 (2014). https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.1.3709
D. Na, L. Satyanarayana, G.-P. Choi, Y.-J. Shin, and J.S. Park, “Surface morphology and sensing property of NiO-WO3 thin films prepared by thermal evaporation,” Sensors, 5(12), 519-528 (2005). https://doi.org/10.3390/s5120519
A. Peng, Y. Gao, Q. Yang, X. Zuo, H. Tang, and G. Li, “MoC/MnO composite materials as high efficient and stable counter electrode catalysts for dye-sensitized solar cells,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 1976-1985 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-02717-8
Copyright (c) 2023 Doaa T. Mohammed, Ghuson H. Mohammed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
