The Effect of Gas Flow Rate, Exposure Times and Ageing on the Physicochemical Properties of Water Activated by Glow Discharge Plasma Jet
Abstract
The goal of this work is to look into how the glow discharge plasma jet system changes the chemical and physical features of water. In this work, the physical and chemical properties of water were studied by using a plasma jet with Argon gas. 10 cm3 of distilled water was put in a glass dish with a diameter of 5 cm and a depth of 1 cm. The system was run with an AC voltage of 12 kV and a frequency of 20 kHz, and the exposure time ranged from 1 to 30 minutes. With amounts of 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.1 l/min, kits made by the American company Bartvation were used to measure the types of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that were formed. The data showed that the levels of NO2, NO3, and H2O2 were all too high. It gets bigger over time and as the flow rate goes up. The pH goes down with time until it hits 3, and the temperature goes up until it reaches 33°C. However, the pH goes up with storage time, and after 24 hours the water is back to its natural pH of 7. The amount of NO2, NO3, in the air goes up a little bit, and then starts to go down rapidly after 6 hours. After 24 hours, it is close to zero. From this, it's clear that the glow discharge plasma jet device can make RONS, which can be used for biological purposes.
Downloads
References
A. Fridman, Plasma Chemistry, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2008).
M. Domonkos, P. Tichá, J. Trejbal, P. Demo, “Applications of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Technology in Medicine, Agriculture and Food Industry,” Appl. Sci. 11, 4809 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114809
G. Fridman, A. Shereshevsky, M.M. Jost, A.D. Brooks, A. Fridman, A. Gutsol, V. Vasilets, and G. Friedman, “Floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge plasma in air promoting apoptotic behavior in melanoma skin cancer cell lines,” Plasma Chem. Plasma Process, 27(2), 163-176 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-007-9048-4
M. Laroussi, and T. Akan, “Arc‐free atmospheric pressure cold plasma jets: A review,” Plasma Process. Polym. 4(9), 777-788 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200700066
A. Fridman, A. Chirokov, and A. Gutsol, “Non-thermal atmospheric pressure discharges,” J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 38(2), R1 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/38/2/R01
T. Royintarat, P. Seesuriyachan, D. Boonyawan, E.H. Choi, and W. Wattanutchariya, “Mechanism and optimization of non-thermal plasma-activated water for bacterial inactivation by underwater plasma jet and delivery of reactive species underwater by cylindrical DBD plasma,” Curr. Appl. Phys. 19(9), 1006-1014 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2019.05.020
S.G. Joshi, M. Cooper, A. Yost, M. Paff, U.K. Ercan, G. Fridman, G. Friedman, A. Fridman, A.D. Brooks, “Nonthermal dielectric-barrier discharge plasma-induced inactivation involves oxidative dna damage and membrane lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli,” Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(3), 1053-1062 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01002-10
P. Lukes, E. Dolezalova, I. Sisrova, and M. Clupek, “Aqueous-phase chemistry and bactericidal effects from an air discharge plasma in contact with water: evidence for the formation of peroxynitrite through a pseudo-second-order post-discharge reaction of H2O2 and HNO2,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 23(1), 15019 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/23/1/015019
N.K. Kaushik, B. Ghimire, Y. Li, M. Adhikari, M. Veerana, N. Kaushik, N. Jha, B. Adhikari, et.al., “Biological and medical applications of plasma-activated media, water and solutions,” Biol. Chem. 400(1), 39 62 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0226
P. Bruggeman, and C. Leys, “Non-thermal plasmas in and in contact with liquids,” J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 42(5), 53001 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/5/053001
M. Moreau, N. Orange, and M.G.J. Feuilloley, “Non-thermal plasma technologies: new tools for bio-decontamination,” Biotechnol. Adv. 26(6), 610-617 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.08.001
L. Gan, S. Zhang, D. Poorun, D. Liu, X. Lu, M. He, X. Duan, et al., “Medical applications of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma in dermatology,” JDDG J. der Dtsch. Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 16(1), 7-13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13373
M. Keidar, D. Yan, I.I. Beilis, B. Trink, and J.H. Sherman, “Plasmas for treating cancer: Opportunities for adaptive and self-adaptive approaches,” Trends Biotechnol. 36(6), 586-593 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.06.013
C. Hoffmann, C. Berganza, and J. Zhang, “Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology,” Med. Gas Res. 3(1), 1-15 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186%2F2045-9912-3-21
T.A. Hameed, and H.R. Hammoud, “Comparison study of plasma-activated water and plasma jet on Escherichia coli bacteria for disinfection of tooth root canal,” Iraqi Journal of Science, 64(12), (2023).
S. Abdul-Kadhim, and H.R. Hammoud, “Development low Temperature non-thermal atmospheric plasma jet sources for the biological applications,” Iraqi Journal of Science, 64(7), (2023).
I.E. Vlad, C. Martin, A.R. Toth, J. Papp, and S.D. Anghel, “Bacterial inhibition effect of plasma activated water,” Rom. Rep. Phys. 71, 602 (2019).
Y. Li, J. Pan, G. Ye, Q. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Fang, “In vitro studies of the antimicrobial effect of non‐thermal plasma‐activated water as a novel mouthwash,” Eur. J. Oral Sci. 125(6), 463-470 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12374
R. Zhou et al., “Plasma-activated water: Generation, origin of reactive species and biological applications,” J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys. 53(30), 303001 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab81cf
T. Abuzairi, S. Ramadhanty, D.F. Puspohadiningrum, A. Ratnasari, N.R. Poespawati, and R.W. Purnamaningsih, “Investigation on physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water for the application of medical device sterilization,” AIP Conference Proceedings, 1933(1), 40017 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5023987
R.P. Guragain, H.B. Baniya, B. Shrestha, D.P. Guragain, and D.P. Subedi, “Improvements in germination and growth of sprouts irrigated using plasma activated water (PAW),” Water, 15(4), 744 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040744
Copyright (c) 2023 Farah A. Naeim, Hammad R. Humud
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
