Influence of Thickness on Some Physical Characterization for Nanostructured MgO Thin Films
Abstract
MgO Nanostructured thin films with different thicknesses (200, 400, and 600 nm) have been deposited by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The results confirm that the structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties were all affected by the thickness of the film. MgO films' physical properties were examined using (XRD), (FE-SEM), (EDX), (AFM), (UV-Vis spectrophotometer), and the Hall Effect. According to the structural analysis, the films have a cubic magnesium oxide polycrystalline structure, with a preferred orientation (002). The average Crystalline Size and optical band gap are found in the range (20.79-18.99) nm and (3.439-3.162) eV respectively with an increase in thickness. The surface morphology of the films reveals that they are free of crystal defects such as holes and voids, as well as homogeneous and uniform. The EDS patterns show that the as-grown films contain magnesium and oxygen. The Hall Effect shows that electrical conductivity decreases with thickness. The experimental results show that film thickness influences the physical properties of as-grown MgO thin films and that thicker films can be used as an absorber layer in solar cell applications.
Downloads
References
B. Aspe, X. Castel, V. Demange, D. Passerieux, M.A. Pinault-Thaury, F. Jomard, S. Députier, et al. “Enhanced tunability and temperature-dependent dielectric characteristics at microwaves of K0. 5Na0. 5NbO3 thin films epitaxially grown on (100) MgO substrates,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 856, 158138 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.158138
M. Tlili, C. Nefzi, B. Alhalaili, C. Bouzidi, L. Ajili, N. Jebbari, R. Vidu, and N.T. Kamoun, “Synthesis and characterization of MgO thin films obtained by spray technique for optoelectronic applications”, Nanomaterials, 11(11), 3076 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113076
E.H. Choi, H.J. Oh, Y.G. Kim, J.J. Ko, J.Y. Lim, J.G. Kim, D.-I. Kim et al., “Measurement of secondary electron emission coefficient (γ) of MgO protective layer with various crystallinities.” Japanese journal of applied physics, 37, 7015 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.37.7015
M. Gross, A. Winnacker, and P.J. Wellmann, “Electrical, optical and morphological properties of nanoparticle indium tin oxide layers,” Thin Solid Films, 515(24), 8567-8572 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.136
M.L. Kantam, K. Mahendar, and S. Bhargava, “One-pot, three-component synthesis of highly substituted pyridines and 1, 4 dihydropyridines by using nanocrystalline magnesium oxide,” Journal of Chemical Sciences, 122(1), 63-69 (2010). https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jcsc/122/01/0063-0069
B.M. Choudary, R.S. Mulukutla, and K.J. Klabunde, “Benzylation of aromatic compounds with different crystallites of MgO,” Journal of the American chemical Society, 125(8), 2020-2021 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0211757
H.M. Hussein, and M.H. Al-Timimi, “Preparation and Study Some Physical Properties of (CMC/PAA: MgO) Nano Composites,” Eurasian J. Phys. Chem. Math. 8, 47-55 (2022). https://www.geniusjournals.org/index.php/ejpcm/article/view/1944
S.S. Chiad, N.F. Habubi, W.H. Abass, and M.H. Abdul-Allah, “Effect of thickness on the optical and dispersion parameters of Cd0.4Se0.6 thin films,” Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials, 18(9-10), 822-826 (2016).
H.S. Kim, S.M. George, B.K. Park, S.U. Son, C.G. Kim, and T.M. Chung, “New heteroleptic magnesium complexes for MgO thin film application,” Dalton Transactions, 44, 2103-2109 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4DT03497J
A.O. Mousa, N.A. Nema, and S.H. Trier, “Study of structural and optical properties for MgO films prepared by using chemical spray pyrolysis technique,” Materials Science: An Indian Journal, 14, 426-434 (2016).
M.D. Sakhil, Z.M. Shaban, K.S. Sharba, N.F. Habub, K.H. Abass, S.S. Chiad, and A.S. Alkelaby, “Influence mgo dopant on structural and optical properties of nanostructured cuo thin films,” NeuroQuantology, 18(5), 56 (2020). http://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2020.18.5.NQ20168
M. Tlili, N. Jebbari, W. Naffouti, and N.T. Kamoun, “Effect of precursor nature on physical properties of chemically sprayed MgO thin films for optoelectronic application,” The European Physical Journal Plus, 135(8), 1-12 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-020-00706-z
S. Visweswaran, R. Venkatachalapathy, M. Haris, and R. Murugesan, “Characterization of MgO thin film prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31(17), 14838-14850 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04046-7
H.S. Al-Rikabi, M.H. Al-Timimi, and W.H. Albanda, “Morphological and optical properties of MgO1-xZnSx thin films,” Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures (DJNB), 17(3), 889-897 (2022). https://doi.org/10.15251/DJNB.2022.173.889
A. Chowdhury, and J. Kumar, “Morphology, surface topography and optical studies on electron beam evaporated MgO thin films,” Bulletin of Materials Science, 29(5), 513-521 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02914083
R.A. Ismail, A.M. Mousa, and S.S. Shaker, “Pulsed laser deposition of nanostructured MgO film: effect of laser fluence on the structural and optical properties,” Materials Research Express, 6(7), 075007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab1208
T. Kawaharamura, K. Mori, H. Orita, T. Shirahata, S. Fujita, and T. Hirao, “Effect of O3 and aqueous ammonia on crystallization of MgO thin film grown by mist chemical vapor deposition,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 52(3R), 035501 (2013). https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.52.035501
Z. Bazhan, F.E. Ghodsi, and J. Mazloom, “Effect of stabilizer on optical and structural properties of MgO thin films prepared by sol–gel method,” Bulletin of Materials Science, 36(5), 899-905 (2013). https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/boms/036/05/0899-0905
A.K. Balta, Ö. Ertek, N. Eker, and İ. Okur, “MgO and ZnO composite thin films using the spin coating method on microscope glasses,” Materials Sciences and Applications, 6(01), 40 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/msa.2015.61006
K.R. Nemade, and S.A. Waghuley, “Synthesis of MgO nanoparticles by solvent mixed spray pyrolysis technique for optical investigation,” International Journal of Metals, 2014, 1-4 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/389416
H. Güney, and D. İskenderoğlu, “Synthesis of MgO thin films grown by SILAR technique,” Ceramics International, 44(7), 7788-7793 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.210
J.P. Villegas, I. Moncayo-Riascos, D. Galeano-Caro, M. Riazi, C.A. Franco, and F.B. Cortés, “Functionalization of γ-alumina and magnesia nanoparticles with a fluorocarbon surfactant to promote ultra-gas-wet surfaces: Experimental and theoretical approach,” ACS applied materials and interfaces, 12(11), 13510-13520 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b22383
K.V. Rao, and C.S. Sunandana, “Structure and micro structure of combustion synthesized MgO nanoparticles and nanocrystalline MgO thin films synthesized by solution growth route,” Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 38(2), 173-180 (2008). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15533170801926127
M.T. Mhetre, H.M. Pathan, A.V. Thakur, and B.J. Lokhande, “Preparation of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) thin films by spray pyrolysis and its capacitive characterizations,” ES Energy and Environment, 18, 41-46 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30919/esee8c785
A.J. Mawat, and M.H. Al-Timimi, “Structural Properties of (MgO1-xCdSx) Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis technique,” Journal of the college of basic education, 27(113), (2021).
N. Revathi, P. Prathap, and K.R. Reddy, “Thickness dependent physical properties of close space evaporated In2S3 films,” Solid State Sciences, 11(7), 1288-1296 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2009.04.019
M. Ghosh, D. Karmakar, S. Basu, S.N. Jha, D. Bhattacharyya, S.C. Gadkari, and S.K. Gupta, “Effect of size and aspect ratio on structural parameters and evidence of shape transition in zinc oxide nanostructures,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 75(4), 543-549 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2013.11.007
D. Holec, P. Dumitraschkewitz, D. Vollath, and F.D. Fischer, “Surface energy of Au nanoparticles depending on their size and shape,” Nanomaterials, 10(3), 484 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030484
J.H. Boo, S.B. Lee, K.S. Yu, W. Koh, and Y. Kim, “Growth of magnesium oxide thin films using single molecular precursors by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition,” Thin Solid Films, 341(1-2), 63-67 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01524-7
J.M. Bian, X.M. Li, X.D. Gao, and W.D. Yu, “Growth and characterization of high quality MgO thin films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis,” in: Key Engineering Materials, Vol. 280, (Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005), pp. 1171-1174.
M. Kongtunmon, L. Supadee, W. Kundhikanjana, P. Janphuang, R. Supruangnet, W. Jongpinit, Dh. Munthala, et al., “Effect of annealing atmosphere on hydration behavior of MgO thin film in tunneling magnetoresistance sensor,” Ceramics International, 48(5), 6966-6970 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.253
Y.Q. Zhu, W.K. Hsu, W.Z. Zhou, M. Terrones, H.W. Kroto, and D.R.M. Walton, “Selective Co-catalysed growth of novel MgO fishbone fractal nanostructures,” Chemical physics letters, 347(4-6), 337-343 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00939-3
A. Khan, F. Rahman, R. Nongjai, and K. Asokan, “Optical transmittance and electrical transport investigations of Fe-doped In2O3 thin films,” Applied Physics A, 127, 339 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-021-04490-0
W.S. Liu, W.K. Chen, and K.P. Hsueh, “Transparent conductive Ga-doped MgxZn1−xO films with high optical transmittance prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering,” Journal of alloys and compounds, 552, 255-263 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.10.066
O. Diachenko, A. Opanasuyk, D. Kurbatov, N. Opanasuyk, O. Kononov, D. Nam, and H. Cheong, “Surface morphology, structural and optical properties of MgO films obtained by spray pyrolysis technique,” Acta Physica Polonica A, 130(3), 805-810 (2016). https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/48466/1/Diachenko_Surface_Morphology.pdf
D. Alagarasan, S.S. Hegde, S. Varadharajaperumal, R. Aadhavan, R. Naik, M. Shkir, H. Algarni, et al., “Effect of SnS thin film thickness on visible light photo detection,” Physica Scripta, 97(6), 065814 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac6d19
A.J. Mawat, M.H. Al-Timimi, W.H. Albanda, and M.Z Abdullah, “Morphological and optical properties of Mg1-xCdSx nanostructured thin films,” AIP Conference Proceedings, 2475, 090019 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0103955
C. Nefzi, M. Souli, N. Beji, A. Mejri, and N. Kamoun-Turki, “Improvement of structural, optical and electrical properties of iron doped indium oxide thin films by high gamma radiations for photocatalysis applications,” Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 90, 32-40 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2018.09.022
A. Kaushal, and D. Kaur, “Effect of Mg content on structural, electrical and optical properties of Zn1-xMgxO nanocomposite thin films,” Solar energy materials and solar cells, 93(2), 193-198 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.09.039
J. Al-Zanganawee, M. Al-Timimi, A. Pantazi, O. Brincoveanu, C. Moise, R. Mesterca, D. Balan, et al., “Morphological and optical properties of functionalized SWCNTs: P3OT nanocomposite thin films, prepared by spincoating,” Journal of Ovonic Research, 12(4), 201-207 (2016).
A.T. Abood, O.A.A. Hussein, M.H. Al-Timimi, M.Z. Abdullah, H.M.S. Al-Aani, and W.H. Albanda, “Structural and optical properties of nanocrystalline SnO2 thin films growth by electron beam evaporation,” AIP Conference Proceedings, 2213(1), 020036 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000454
F.M. Tezel, U. Veli, and İ.A. Kariper, “Synthesis of MgO thin films: How heat treatment affects their structural, electro-optical, and surface properties,” Materials Today Communications, 33, 104962 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104962
A.M. Smith, and S. Nie, “Semiconductor nanocrystals: structure, properties, and band gap engineering,” Accounts of chemical research, 43(2), 190-200 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9001069
O.A. Williams, M. Nesladek, M. Daenen, S. Michaelson, A. Hoffman, E. Osawa, K. Haenen, et al., “Growth, electronic properties and applications of nanodiamond,” Diamond and Related Materials, 17(7-10), 1080-1088 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2008.01.103
H. S. Al-Rikabi, M. H. Al-Timimi, and W.H. Albanda, “Morphological and optical properties of MgO1-xZnSx thin films,” Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB), 17(3), (2022). https://doi.10.15251/DJNB.2022.173.889
M.H. Saeed, M.H. Al-Timimi, and O.A.A. Hussein, “Structural, morphological and optical characterization of nanocrystalline WO3 thin films,” Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 16(2), 563-569 (2021). https://chalcogen.ro/563_SaeedMH.pdf
N. Guermat, W. Daranfed, and K. Mirouh, “Extended wide band gap amorphous ZnO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis,” Annales de Chimie-Science des Matériaux, 44(5), 347-352 (2020). https://doi.org/10.18280/acsm.440507
P. Płóciennik, D. Guichaoua, A. Zawadzka, A. Korcala, J. Strzelecki, P. Trzaska, and B. Sahraoui, “Optical properties of MgO thin films grown by laser ablation technique,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, 48, 1-12 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11082-016-0536-8
S.H. Tamboli, R.B. Patil, S.V. Kamat, V. Puri, and R.K. Puri, “Modification of optical properties of MgO thin films by vapour chopping,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 477(1-2), 855-859 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.11.011
M.H. Abdul-Allah, S.A. Salman, and W.H. Abbas, “Annealing effect on the structural and optical properties of (CuO)(Fe2O3)x thin films obtained by chemical spray pyrolysis,” Journal of Thi-Qar Science, 5(1), (2014). https://www.iasj.net/iasj/pdf/a38620e9241bbe5a
H.M. Hussein, and M.H. Al-Timimi, “Preparation and Study Some Physical Properties of (CMC/PAA: MgO) Nano Composites,” Eurasian Journal of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, 8, 47-55 (2022).
O. Diachenko, J. Kováč Jr, O. Dobrozhan, P. Novák, J. Kováč, J. Skriniarova, and A. Opanasyuk, “Structural and optical properties of CuO thin films synthesized using spray pyrolysis method,” Coatings, 11(11), 1392 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111392
B. Elidrissi, M. Addou, M. Regragui, A. Bougrine, A. Kachouane, and J.C. Bernede, “Structure, composition and optical properties of ZnS thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis,” Materials Chemistry and physics, 68(1-3), 175-179 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-0584(00)00351-5
R. Singh, M. Gupta, and S.K. Mukherjee, “Effect of Ag layer thickness on optical and electrical properties of ion-beam-sputtered TiO2/Ag/TiO2 multilayer thin film,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 33(9), 6942-6953 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07873-y
K. Derrar, M. Zaabat, N. Rouabah, R. Nazir, F. Hanini, A. Hafdallah, S.A. Khan, et al., “Preparation of Sb: SnO2 thin films and its effect on optoelectrical properties,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 33(13), 10142-10153 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08004-3
G. Yergaliuly, B. Soltabayev, S. Kalybekkyzy, Z. Bakenov, and A. Mentbayeva, “Effect of thickness and reaction media on properties of ZnO thin films by SILAR,” Scientific reports, 12(1), 1-13 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04782-2
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad H. Al-Timimi, Widad H. Albanda, Mustafa Z. Abdullah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
