Reinterpretation of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe with Variable Gravitational and Cosmological Term in Bouncing Cosmology
Abstract
This paper is devoted to investigate five dimensional homogeneous and isotropic FRW model with varying gravitational and cosmological constant with cosmic time. Exact solution of the Einstein field equations are obtained by using the equation of state p = (γ −1)ρ (gamma law), where γ which is an adiabatic parameter varies continuously as the universe expands. We obtained the solutions for different values of curvature K = 0, 1,−1 by using a(t) = R0(1 + α2t2)n, where α, n and R0 are positive constants. Behaviour of the cosmological parameters are presented for different cases of the models. Physical interpretation of the derived model are presented in details. Interestingly the proposed model justified the current cosmological observations with dark energy.
Downloads
References
S. Perlmutter, et al., Astrophys. J. 483, 565 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1086/304265
S. Perlmutter, et al., Nature, 391, 51 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/34124
A.G. Riess, et al., Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1086/300499
A. Balbi, et al., Astrophys. J. 545, L1 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1086/317323
D.N. Spergel, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 148, 175 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1086/377226
D.N. Spergel, et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl. 170, 377 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1086/513700
S. Perlmutter, et al., Astrophys. J. 517, 565, astro-ph/9608192 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1086/307221
A.G. Riess, PASP, 112, 1284 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1086/316624
P.M. Garnavich, et al., Astrophys. J. 493, L53, astro-ph/9710123 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1086/311140
P.M. Garnavich, et al., Astrophys. J. 509, 74, astro-ph/9806396 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1086/306495
B.P. Schmidt, et al., Astrophys. J. 507, 46, astro-ph/9805200 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1086/306308
P.G.O. Freund, Nucl. Phys. B, 209, 146 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(82)90106-7
D. Sahdev, Phys. Lett. B, 137, 155 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(84)90220-X
Q. Shafi, and C. Wetterich, Phys. Lett. B, 129, 387 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(83)90125-9
T. Kaluza, Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Phys. Math. K1,, 966 (1921). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1803.08616
O. Klein, Z. Phys. 37, 895 (1926). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01397481
H.C. Lee, An Introduction to Kaluza-Klein Theories, (World Scientific, Singapore, 1984).
T. Appelquist, A. Chodos, and P.G.O. Freund, Modern Kaluza-Klein Theories, (Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, 1987).
F. Rahaman, S. Das, N. Begum, and M. Hossain, Pramana J. Phys. 61, 153 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704519
G.C. Sanmanta, and S. Dedata, J. Mod. Phys. 3, 180 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2012.32024
S. Chatterjee, Astrophys. J. 397, 1 (1992). https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1992ApJ...397....1C
J.A. Frieman, and I. Waga, Phys. Rev. D, 57, 4642 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4642
R. Carlberg, et al., Astrophys. J. 462, 32 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1086/177125
M. Özer, and M.O. Taha, Nucl. Phys. B, 287, 776 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(87)90128-3
K. Freese, et al., Nucl. Phys. B, 287, 797 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(87)90129-5
J.C. Carvalho, et al., Phys. Rev. D, 46, 2404 (1992). ttps://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.46.2404
V. Silverira, and L. Waga, Phys. Rev. D, 50, 4890 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.50.4890
B. Ratra, and P.J.E. Peebles, Phys. Rev. D, 37, 3406 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.37.3406
A.D. Dolgov, The Very Early Universe, edited by G.W. Gibbons, S.W. Hawking, and S.T.C. Siklos, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983).
A.D. Dolgov, M.V. Sazhin, and Y.B. Zeldovich, (Basics of Modern Cosmology, Editions Frontiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, 1990).
A.D. Dolgov, Phys. Rev. D, 55, 5881 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5881
V. Sahni, and A. Starobinsky, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 09(04), 373, astr-ph/9904398 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271800000542
T. Padmanabhan, Phys. Rep. 380, 235, hep-th/0212290 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0370-1573(03)00120-0
P.J.E. Peebles, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 599 astro-ph/0207347 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559
Y.B. Zeldovich, Sov. Phys. Usp. 11, 381 (1968).
S. Weinberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 1 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1
S.M. Carrol, et al., Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 499 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.30.090192.002435
G.S. Khadekar, et al., Asrtophys. Space Sci. 310, 141 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-007-9489-5
K.S. Adhav, et al., Bulg. J. Phys. 34, 260 (2007). https://www.bjp-bg.com/papers/bjp2007_4_260-272.pdf
U. Mukhopadhyay, et al., Int. J. Theor. Phys. 50, 752 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-010-0611-z
K.B. Vinod, and D. Archana, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 17, 2050203 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219887820502035
H. Shabani, and A.H. Ziaie, Eur. Phys. J. C. 78, 397 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-5886-x
G. Minas, et al, Universe, 5, 74 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/universe5030074
S.S. Singh, and S.K. Chanu, Brazilian Journal of Physics, 51, 1364 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-021-00955-y
C.R. Mahanta, and M.P. Das, Adv. Math. Sci. Journal. 10, 1691 (2021). https://doi.org/10.37418/amsj.10.3.51
A.S. Agrawal, et al, Fortschr. Phys. 70, 2100065 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.202100065
A.S. Agrawal, et al., Phys. Scr. 97, 025002 (2022). 10.1088/1402-4896/ac49b2
A.S. Agrawal, et al., Eur. Phys. J. C, 83, 113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11266-8
J.K. Singh, et al, JHEP, 03, 191 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2023)191
M. Zubair, and M. Farooq, Eur. Phys. J. C. 138, 173 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-023-03772-1
M. Sharif, and F. Khanum, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 43, 2885 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-011-1211-9
D.R.K. Reddy, and G. Ramesh, Prespacetime Journal, 10, 301 (2019). https://www.prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/1633/1559
R.L. Naidu, et al., New Astronomy, 85, 101564 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2020.101564
Copyright (c) 2024 Asem Jotin Meitei, Kangujam Priyokumar Singh, Syed Sabanam, S. Kiranmala Chanu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
