Regulation of morphogenetic reactions of Glycine max (L.) Merr. by selective light in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

The work is devoted to the study of photomorphogenic reactions of plants to monochromatic irradiation in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of red (660 nm) and blue (450 nm) light irradiation on the photomorphogenesis of seedlings and callus culture of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The studies were conducted on 10-day-old seedlings and primary callus culture of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) of the short-day variety Clark. Seed germination and infection, as well as growth processes of experimental seedlings under in vivo conditions, were analysed by determining linear dimensions and biomass. In callus culture under in vitro conditions, the growth rate, absolute growth, and such indicators of morphogenetic reactions as callusogenesis, chlorophyllogenesis, rhizogenesis, and necrosis were determined. It was shown that red and blue light irradiation stimulates seed germination, while blue light irradiation contributes to a decrease in seedling infection. Under in vivo conditions, red light irradiation inhibits the elongation of the studied seedlings, while blue light irradiation stimulates the linear growth of seedlings. Irradiation with selective light of both studied spectra promotes biomass accumulation in seedlings. At the same time, organ-specific reactions are observed: RL irradiation promotes an increase in the biomass of the above-ground part, while BL irradiation mainly promotes an increase in the root part. Under in vitro culture conditions, the growth of primary callus tissue is inhibited during irradiation with red and blue light. The prolonged effect of red and blue light is expressed in the inhibition of callus tissue growth by RL and the absence of BL influence on the growth index compared to the control. BL irradiation also stimulates the manifestation of various pathways of callus culture morphogenesis in in vitro conditions. The uniformity of the reactions of seedlings and callus culture of the short-day line of soybean in in vivo and in vitro culture conditions is observed.