The wood mouse Sylvaemus tauricus (Mammalia) in the south of Ukraine: limits and features of distribution in a historical biogeographical context

Keywords: mouse-like rodents, distribution limits, expansions, natural zonation, biogeography of Ukraine

Abstract

The article analyses the specifics of distribution of the species Sylvaemus tauricus in the south of Ukraine, particularly in the coastal regions, where it reaches the northern limits of the steppe natural zone. The number of records describing the southern limit of distribution in the continental part of the range (i.e., outside the Crimea) is generally not large (about 30), but all of them eloquently testify to some common features. The first is that the species penetrates deep into the steppe zone, essentially to the border between the northern (gully) and southern (driest) steppe. Secondly, the species demonstrates the possibility and high speed of forming new populations, including banded populations, in areas of expansion, both along natural eco-corridors (primarily along rivers) and using artificial eco-networks (forest belts, roadside or canal-side tree and shrub strips). Thirdly, there is a unified front of habitats, which indicates that the range corresponds to the natural zonation. Comparison of the obtained distribution scheme with the forestry zonation of Ukraine shows that the species is completely absent in the zone of dry (treeless) steppes, which belong to the Black Sea–Pryazovia South Steppe District. However, the boundary is even more northern: it runs along the middle of the Northern Steppe District (bayrak steppe zone), in some places with the species crossing the southern border of this district. Available data indicate the species' expansion to the south, which may be due to the spread of artificial stands, both of stripe-type (forest belts and stands along water canals, railways, and highways) and focal-type (forest park areas around settlements, artificial forests, etc.). One of the signs of expansion is the increasing share of the species in captures in different types of stands: in Luhansk Oblast, the share of this species in places of its occurrence has gradually increased from 0.64% in 1957–1965 to 13.8% in 2002–2014. The southward expansion of this wood mouse species is in contrast with the trend of the natural zones shifting northward, which demonstrates the importance of non-natural habitats in species dispersals. The hypotheses of the connection between the mainland range of the species and the Crimean isolate are discussed. It is assumed that the species' range in the coastal regions has undergone repeated pulsations with the formation of a continuous distribution of the species. Nevertheless, it is possible that the species could have entered the Crimea from the Western Caucasus during the period of sea level regression and the formation of the Kerch–Taman land bridge.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

I. Zagorodniuk, The National Museum of Natural History at the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Bohdan Khmelnitsky st., 15, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01030, zoozag@ukr.net

References

Abelentsev, V.I. (1951). Distribution of rodents in field-protective forest plantations and on interstrip fields of grass-field crop rotation in the steppe part of the Ukrainian SSR. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology, 6, 78–93. (In Ukrainian)

Blaga A.B., Zagorodniuk I.V., Korotki T.R. et al. (2017). On the Edge of Survival: Destruction of the Environment During Armed Conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union. KIT Press, Kyiv, 1–88]. ISBN 978-966-2279-66-5. (In Ukrainian)

Bulakhov V.L., Pakhomov O.E. (2006). Biological Diversity of Ukraine. Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. Mammals (Mammalia). Dnipropet¬rovsk University Publishing House, Dnipropetrovsk, 1–356. (In Ukrainian)

Gensiruk S.A. (2002). Forests of Ukraine. Shevchenko Scientific Society, UkrSLTU, Lviv, 1–496. (In Ukrainian)

Gulac, O.V. (2015). On the issue of the threat of forest fires on the territory of the conduct of hostilities in Ukraine. International scientific journal, (6), 145–148. (In Ukrainian)

Guth R.T., Radchenko M.V., Krynytsky G.T. (2004). The use of ISSR markers to establish convergent evolutionary relationships of the genus Fagus. Cytology and Genetics, 38 (3), 60–65. (In Ukrainian)

Didukh, Y. P. (1992). Vegetation Cover of Mountain Crimea (Structure, Dynamics, Evolution and Protection). Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 1–254. (In Ukrainian)

Dulitsky, A.I. (2001). Mammals of the Crimea. Krymuchpedgiz, Simferopol, 1–224. (In Ukrainian)

Dulitsky A., Dulitskа O. (2006). The squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris exalbidus Pallas) and its present status in the Crimea. Proceedings of Theriological School, 8, 71–74. (In Ukrainian)

Evstafiev, I. (2015). Results of a 30-years-long investigation of small mammals in Crimea. Part 1. Introduction, fauna composition, ranges. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 13, 20–34. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V. (1991). Karyotypic variation of 46-chromo¬some forms of the vole group of Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): a taxonomic evaluation. Vestnik zoologii, 25 (1), 36–45. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V. (1992). A review of the recent Muroidea (Mammalia) described from the territory of Ukraine (1777–1990). Vestnik zoologii, № 2: 39–48. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V. (1993). Identification of East European forms of Sylvaemus sylvaticus (Rodentia) and their geographic occurrence. Vestnik zoologii, 27 (6), 37–47. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V., Fedorchenko, O.O. (1993). Mice of the genus Sylvaemus in the Lower Danube Region. Communication 1. Taxonomy and diagnostics. Vestnik zoologii, 27 (3), 41–49. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I. (1996). Rare shrew species in the territory of Ukraine: legends, facts, and diagnostics. Vestnik zoologii, 30 (6), 53–69. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V. (1999). Steppe fauna core of Eastern Europe: its structure and prospects of protection. Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 5: 203–210. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I., Kondratenko, O. (2002). Biotope differentiation of species as a basis for existence of high level of species diversity of the fauna. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Biology, 30, 106–118. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I. (2005). Biogeography of mammals’ cryptic species in the Eastern Europe. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod University. Series Biology, 17, 5–27. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I. (2007a). Small mammals of the natural reserve ‘Kamiani Mohyly’: analysis of fauna composition and historical changes of communities. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Biology, 44, 71–79. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I. (2007b). Coordinated genetic, biogeographical and morphological differentiation in evolutionary young species: analysis of the group Microtus “arvalis” (Mammalia). Reports of the NAS of Ukraine, (3), 175–181. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I.V. (2008). Voles (Rodentia: Arvicolidae) in the Siversky Donets Basin: biotope preferences, changes of geographical ranges, and species identification. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series Biology, No. 7 (814), 74–93. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I., Kuznetsov, V. 2009). Long-term monitoring of small mammal communities in Luhansk province: analysis of database of Luhansk sanitary-epidemiological station for 1957–2008. Zoocenosis–2009. Biodiversity and role of animals in ecosystems. Lira Press, Dnipropetrovsk, 329–331. http://www.zoology.dp.ua/z_09_191.html (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I. (2011). Interspecies hybridization and factors of its formation in the East-European mammalian fauna. Studia Biologica, 5 (2), 173–210. (In Ukrainian) https://doi.org/10.30970/sbi.0502.160

Zagorodniuk, I.V., Emelyanov, I.G. (2012). Taxonomy and nomenclature of mammals of Ukraine. Proceedings of the National Museum of Natural History, 10, 5–30. (In Ukrainian)

Zagorodniuk, I., Parkhomenko, V. (2018). Boris Valkh and the development of zoology and museology in the East of Ukraine. The Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series Biology, 31, 72–98. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2018-31-8

Zagorodniuk, I. (2023). Hennadii Selezhynskyi, a collector, taxidermist, and populariser of natural knowledge. Novitates Theriologicae, 16, 220–223. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.53452/nt1645

Zagorodniuk, I., Korobchenko, M. (2023). The chorology of Spalax arenarius as endemic rodent species to the Lower Dnipro sands and Tauride steppe. Theriologia Ukrainica, 26, 105–131. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.53452/TU2611

Zagorodniuk, I., Korobchenko, M. (2024). Mammal fauna of Luhansk in the pre-war period (2004–2014). Theriologia Ukrainica, 28, 34–54. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.53452/TU2804

Zatushevskyy, A.T., Shydlovskyy, I.V., Zakala, O.S., [et al.]. (2010). Catalogue of the Mammals Collection of the Zoological Museum of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. Publishing Center of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, 1–442. (In Ukrainian)

Zibtsev, S.V., Myroniuk, V.V. (2018). Spatio-temporal pattern analysis of ignitions and burned forest areas in the Eastern Ukraine (Occupied territories). Regional East European Fire Monitoring Center, NULES, Kyiv, 1–18. (In Ukrainian)

Kyrychenko, V. (2020). Mice of the genus Sylvaemus (Rodentia, Muridae) in Mykolaiv Oblast (Ukraine). Novitates Theriologicae, 11, 6–11. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.53452/nt1103

Kondratenko, O., Kuznetsov, V., Timoshenkov, V. (2001). Peculiarities of diet of the long-eared owl (Asio otus) in the Donets-and-Don and Azov steppes. Bulletin of Luhansk State Pedagogical University, No. 6, 116–120. (In Ukrainian)

Kondratenko, O., Zagorodniuk, I. (2006). Small mammal’s fauna of reserved territories of Eastern Ukraine based on results of census using traps and pitfalls. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 7, 120–135. (In Ukrainian)

Kryzhov, P. A. (1936). Geographical distribution of harmful rodents of the Ukrainian SSR. Collection of works of the Zoological Museum, 16, 33–91. (In Ukrainian)

Lisetsky, A.S., Haskin, V.V. (1952). Ecological review of rodents of the Mariupol forest experimental station. Kharkiv State University. Proceedings of the Research Institute of Biology, 16, 73–86. (In Ukrainian)

Lisetsky, A.S. (1965). On the sources of forest rodent colonisation of artificial plantations of Left-bank Ukraine. Bulletin of Kharkiv University, 11 (35), 108–109. (Biological Series, Vol. 1). (In Ukrainian)

Markovska, O., Tkach, H. (2020). Mouse-like rodents and shrews in Kharkiv Oblast (Ukraine): species composition, distribution, and current state of populations. Theriologia Ukrainica, 19, 27–44. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.15407/TU1904

Mezhzherin, S.V., Lashkova, E.I. 1992. Diagnostics, geographic variation and distribution of two closeiy related mice species — Sylvaemus sylvaticus and S. flavicollis (Rodentia, Muridae) in an area of their overlapping occurrence. Vestnik Zoologii, 26 (3), 33–45. (In Ukrainian)

Mezhzherin, S.V. (1997). Revision of mice genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) of Nothern [sic] Eurasia. Vestnik zoologii, 31 (4), 29–41. (In Ukrainian)

Mezhzherin, S. V., Zagorodniuk, I. V. (1989). A new species of mice of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae). Vestnik zoologii, 4, 55–59. (In Ukrainian)

Melnychenko, B., Pylypenko, D. (2006). Mammal and bird fauna of the Federivsky forest massive. Proceedings of Theriological School, 7, 301–308. (In Ukrainian)

Melnychenko, B. (2015). Fauna of small mammals of artificial forests of the northern Azov region: history of research and current state. Novitates Theriologicae, 9, 37–48. (In Ukrainian)

Myliutin, N.G. (1930). Materials for the fauna Mammalia of Dnipropetrovsk district. Proceedings of the Kharkiv Society of Nature Researchers, 55 (2), 77–111. (In Ukrainian)

Nakonechnyi, I.V., Khodosovtseva, Y.A. (2024). The modern composition of the theriofauna of the Kamianska Sich National Park. In: Scientific achievements and discoveries of modern youth. Collection of materials of III All-Ukrainian scientific conference. DonNTU, Lutsk, 93-98. (In Ukrainian)

Ocheretna, K., Lebedieva, N., Polzyk, M. (2019). Wild Mammals in Transformed Landscapes: report on the 26th Theriological School (Khortytsia, 2019). Theriologia Ukrainica, 18, 151–158. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.15407/pts2019.18.151

Pidoplichko, I.G. (1936). New data against the theory of the Dnipro River's impedance. Quaternary period, 11, 75–83. (In Ukrainian)

Pidoplichka, I.G. (1937). Totals of analyses of birds of prey’s pellets for years 1924–1935. Collection of Works of the Zoological Museum, 19, 101–170. (In Ukrainian)

Pysareva, M.Y. (1955a). Vertebrate animals of the Velyko-Anadolsky forest. Scientific Notes of the Dnipropetrovsk University. Collection of Works of Biol. Faculty, 48, 205–213. (In Ukrainian)

Pysareva, M.Y. (1955b). Rodents of bairak forests and adjacent agricultural lands. Scientific Notes of the Dnipropetrovsk University. Collection of Works of Biol. Faculty, 51, 67–82. (In Ukrainian)

Pysareva, M.Y. (1960). About mammals of artificial forests of the steppe zone of the Ukrainian SSR. Artificial forests of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Kharkiv University, Kharkiv, 383–400. (In Ukrainian)

Podpriatov, O.O., Sirenko, V.O., Sirenko, N.M. et al. (2019). The virgin plots of Bilmatskyi district in the protected zone of the Kamiani Mohyly reserve (Northern Azov Sea) are promising for conservation. News Biosphere Reserve Askania Nova, 21, 52–60. (In Ukrainian)

Pokynchereda, V.F., Zagorodniuk, I.V., Postawa, T., Labocha, M., Pokynchereda, V.V. 1999. Bats Myotis bechsteini and Eptesicus nilssoni in the West of Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, 33 (6), 115–120. (In Ukrainian)

Polischuk, V.V. (1980). Hydrofauna of the rivers of the Northern Azov region and biogeographical features of the Azov Upland. In: Small water bodies of Ukraine and issues of their protection. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv, 46–82. (In Ukrainian)

Polischuk V.V. (1990). Discussion points of the biogeography of the Black, Caspian, Aral and Kara Seas as a representation of their connections in historical time. Institute of Zoology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Preprint 90 (5): 1–42. (In Ukrainian)

Ponomarenko, O.L. (2008). Comparative analysis of feeding of the Eurasian goshawk (Accipiter gentilis (L.)) and the common buzzard (Buteo buteo (L.)) in the environment of Prysamaria (Dnipro region). In: Recent Studies of Falconiformes and Owls. Kryvyi Rih, 319–325. (In Ukrainian)

Rusev, I.T., Zakusylo, V.N., Radkov, D.V. (2012). Small mammals of virgin steppe and anthropogenic coenoses on the territory of the Tarutino polygon. Optimization and Protection of Ecosystems, 6, 191–207. (In Ukrainian)

Sakhno, I.I. (1938). To study the fauna of mammals and birds of the field-protective strips of Odesa and Mykolaiv oblasts and the impact of fauna on the surrounding agricultural fields. Collection of works of the Zoological Museum, 21–22, 97–138. (In Ukrainian)

Sirenko, V.O., Martynov, V.V. (1998). Fauna of terrestrial vertebrates of the Ukrainian steppe natural reserve (Annotated list of species). Proceedings of the Branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve ‘Kamiani Mohyly’. Vol. 1. Phytosociocenter, Kyiv, 63–82. (In Ukrainian)

Skubak, E. (2015). The structure of micromammal communities in the ‘Holy Mountains’ National Nature Park. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 13, 91–97. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.15407/ptt2015.13.091

Sokur, I.T. (1940). On the fauna of birds and mammals of partisan forest protective strips of Henichesk district. Proceedings of the Research Zoological and Biological Institute, 8–9, 115–121. (In Ukrainian)

Sokur, I.T. (1960). Mammals of the Fauna of Ukraine and Their Economic Importance. Derzhuchpedvydav, Kyiv, 1–211. (In Ukrainian)

Stanytsina G., Zagorodniuk I. (2023). Experience of keeping the yellow-necked wood mouse (Sylvaemus tauricus) in captivity: growth, maturation, food, and behaviour. Novitates Theriologicae, 16, 76–85. (In Ukrainian) http://doi.org/10.53452/nt1613

Timoshenkov, V., Kondratenko, A. (2006). Study of the mammalian fauna in the Khomutovsky Steppe Reserve. Proceedings of the Theriological School, 7, 33–37. (In Ukrainian)

lyura, E.N. (2010). Small mammal fauna of the mining industry dumps of Donbass. Vestnik zoologii, 44 (6), 557–561. (In Ukrainian)

Fedorchenko, O.O., Zagorodniuk, I.V. (1994). Mice of the genus Sylvaemus from Lower Danube Region. Communication 2. Distribution and abundance. Vestnik zoologii, 28 (4–5), 55–64. http://terioshkola.org.ua (In Ukrainian)

Tsemsh, I.O. (1939). On the importance of the Dnipro River as a zoogeographic boundary. Proceedings of the Zoological Museum, 1, 307–311. (In Ukrainian)

Shevchenko, L.S., Zolotukhina, S.I. (2002). Mammals. Issue 1. Murids (Muridae). Zool. Mus., NMNH of Ukraine. Kyiv, 1–217. (In Ukrainian)

Denk, T., Grimm, G.W., Cardoni, S., Csilléry, K., Kurz, M., [et al.]. (2024). A subgeneric classification of Fagus (Fagaceae) and revised taxonomy of western Eurasian beeches. Willdenowia, 54 (2–3): 151–181. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54301

Gomory, D., Paule, L. 2010: Reticulate evolution patterns in western-Eurasian beeches. Botanica Helvetica, 120: 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-010-0068-y

Gromov, I.M. 1961. Fossil Upper Quaternary Rodents of the Piedmont Crimea. Proceedings of the Commission for the Study of the Quaternary Period, 27, 1–190.

Heptner, V.G. (1948). Toward the nomenclature of wood mice (Apodemus ‘flavicollis’ — sylvaticus; Mammalia, Muridae). Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Series Biology, 60 (1), 177–178.

Heptner, V.G. (1974). On some peculiarities of mammal distribution in the European part of the Soviet Union. Symposium Theriologicum II. Academia, Praha, 93–97.

Evstafiev, I. (2021). Distribution limits of forest-dwelling small mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) in the Crimean Mountains. Theriologia Ukrainica, 22, 80–93. http://doi.org/10.15407/TU2209

Pallas, P.S. 1811. Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica. Tom 1. Acad. Sci., Petropoli, 1–568.

Vega, R., A. D. Mcdevitt, J., Stojak, A., Mishta, J., Wójcik, M. [et al.]. (2020). Phylogeographical structure of the pygmy shrew: revisiting the roles of southern and northern refugia in Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129, 901–917. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz209

Zagorodniuk, I.V., Boyeskorov, G.G., Zykov, A.E. (1997). Variation and taxonomic status of the steppe forms of genus Sylvaemus. Vestnik zoologii, 31 (5–6), 37–56.

Zagorodniuk, I. 2001. Species of the genus Plecotus in the Crimea and neighbouring areas in the Northern Black Sea Region. In: Woloszyn B.W. (ed.). Distribution, Ecology, Paleontology and Systema-tics of Bats. PLATAN Publ. House, Krakow, 159–173. (Series: Proceedings of the VIII ERBS; Vol. 2).

Zagorodniuk, I. (2019). Range dynamics in sibling species: facts and reconstructions for the mammal fauna of Eastern Europe. Theriologia Ukrainica, 18, 20–39. https://doi.org/10.15407/pts2019.18.020

Zagorodniuk, I. (2020). Distribution and variation of mice group Sylvaemus microps & uralensis in Eastern Europe: fragmentation and clines. Theriologia Ukrainica, 20, 91–104. http://doi.org/10.15407/TU2012
Published
2025-07-24
Cited
How to Cite
Zagorodniuk, I. (2025). The wood mouse Sylvaemus tauricus (Mammalia) in the south of Ukraine: limits and features of distribution in a historical biogeographical context. The Journal of V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series «Biology», 44, 78-94. https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2025-44-7
Section
ZOOLOGY AND ECOLOGY