Life forms and shoot structure of the invasive species Geranium sibiricum l. (Geraniaceae) in two local populations in Ukraine
Abstract
It was found out that the life form of the alien invasive plant species Geranium sibiricum is interpreted ambiguously in various literature sources, and in the description of underground organs (shoot and root systems), the statements of different authors are often even contradictory. Eighty individuals of G. sibiricum collected in 2019–2021 during field research in two local populations: in Pyriatyn town (Poltava Oblast) and Kyiv City (Kyiv Oblast) were revised by varying the type of growth form and shoot structures using the deep concept of the caudexes diversity and their differences from other structural formations. The basic life form and model of shoot formation of G. sibiricum, which is a biennial conode taproot monocarpic with monopodial branching type, were clarified. In the connection with the pronounced polyvariety of the species life form two more types of it were described in G. sibiricum individuals: caudex taproot oligocarpic and basiphys fibrousroot oligocarpic with sympodial type of branching. The structure of elementary inflorescences of G. sibiricum was analysed, the structure of its above-ground and underground shoot system, as well as the root system, was investigated. It was identified that G. sibiricum individuals in Pyriatyn town and Kyiv City populations differ in the length of the flowering shoot, the length of the internodes, and the level of branching, and they have different types of generative shoots according to their location in space. It was found that the diversity of the architectural structure of individuals of this invasive species, associated with different growth conditions, could probably be an adaptation to the specific environmental conditions of their populations and could be valuable for studying the introduction of invasive species and determining the developmental stages at which the management of their populations will be most effective.
Downloads
References
Barthélémy D., Caraglio Y. (2007). Plant architecture: a dynamic, multilevel and comprehensive approach to plant form, structure and ontogeny. Annals of Botany, 99 (3), 375–407. http://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl260
Bertin R.I. (2001). Life cycle demography, and reproductive biology of herb Robert (Geranium robertianum). Rhodora, 103 (913), 96–116.
Bezdelev A.B., Bezdeleva T.A. (2006). Life forms of seed plants of the Russian Far East. Dalnauka, Vladivostok. 296 p.
Bobrov E.G. (1949). Geranium L. In: Shyshkin BK, Bobrov ЕG (eds.), Flora of the SSSR 14, 2–62. The Academy of Sciences of the USSR Press, Moscow and Leningrad.
Crawley MJ (ed.) (1997). Plant ecology. Second edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Dellaferrera I.M., Panigo E.S., Vegetti A.C., Perreta M.G. (2014). Growth forms of Parietaria debilis (Urticaceae) and Veronica persica (Plantaginaceae). Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica, 49(3), 1–12.
Dobrochaieva D.M. (1955). Geranium L. In: Klokov MV, Visiulina OD (eds.), Flora of Ukrainian SSR 7, 6–32. The USSR Academy of Sciences Press, Kyiv. 436 p. (in Ukrainian)
dos Santos P., Brilhante M.A., Messerschmid T.F.E., Serrano H.C., Kadereit G., Branquinho C., de Vos J.M. (2022). Plant growth forms dictate adaptations to the local climate. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1023595. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1023595
Drescher A., Lechner M., Berg C. (2012). Pflanzen mit invasivem Potenzial in Botanischen Gärten III: Geranium sibiricum (Geraniaceae). Carinthia II, 202/122, 33–46.
iNaturalist (2024). https://www.inaturalist.org
Geng Y.P., Pan X.Y., Xu C.Y., Zhang W.J., Li B., Chen J.K., Lu B.R., Song Z.P. (2007). Phenotypic plasticity rather than locally adapted ecotypes allows the invasive alligator weed to colonize a wide range of habitats. Biological Invasions, 9, 245–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-006-9029-1
Harper J.L. (1977). Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London; New York. 892 p.
Kalista M., Kovalenko O. (2021a). Morphological investigation on underground organs of Geranium sibiricum L. In Brindza J. (ed.), Book of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific Conference Agrobiodiversity for Improving the Nutrition, Health, Quality of Life and Spiritual Human Development, 71. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra. p. 71. https://doi.org/10.15414/2021.9788055224015
Kalista M., Kovalenko O. (2021b). Biomorphological features of the invasive species Geranium sibiricum L. in two local populations. Conservation of plants in connection with climate changes and biological invasions: materials of the international scientific conference. Alexandria, 31 March 2021, 275–277. (in Ukrainian)
Kalista M.S., Scherbakova O.F., Novosad V.V. (2015). Polyvariance of ontomorphogenesis of the Crimean endemic rare species Anthemis sterilis Steven (Asteraceae Bercht. et J.Presl). Plant Introduction, 3, 25–34. (in Ukrainian)
Khlystun N.Y. (2006). Adventive flora of Chernivtsi city. PhD theses, M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv. 20 p. (in Ukrainian)
Kovalenko O.A. (2010). Findings of adventive plant species in the vicinity of the Pyryatynsky National Nature Park (Ukraine, Poltava region). Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural History, 8, 61–66. (in Ukrainian)
Kovtun I.V. (2004). Flora of Kamenets Transnistria. PhD theses, M. G. Kholodnyi Institute of Botany of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv. 20 p. (in Ukrainian)
Kyyak V.H. (2012). Evaluation criteria for the state and recruitment ability of small populations of rare highmountain Carpathian plant species. Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, 28, 41–50. (in Ukrainian)
Lehmann C., Rebele F., Starfinger U. (1999). Plant Population Ecology. In: Esser K., Kadereit J.W., Lüttge U., Runge M. (eds.), Progress in Botany, 60, 502–526. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59940-8_18
Leshchenko Y.O., Bengus Y.V. (2016). Findings of Geranium sibiricum L. in Kharkiv city. Biology and valeology, 18, 105–115. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.167386 (in Ukrainian)
Lukash O.V. (2008). Flora of vascular plants of Eastern Polissya: history of research, checklist. Phytosocial Center, Kyiv. 436 p. (in Ukrainian)
Malynovsky A., Bilonoha V. (2003). Correlations of morphometric parameters of plants at population level. Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, 18, 157–168. (in Ukrainian)
Malynovskyi K.A. (ed.) (1998). Structure of populations of rare species of Carpathian flora. Naukova dumka, Кyiv. 176 p. (in Ukrainian)
Meusel H., Jäger E., Mörchen G. (1977). The study of growth-forms of higher plants in relation to application of biocide. Vegetation Science and Environmental Protection. Proceedings of the International Symposium in Tokyo on protection of the environment and excursion on vegetation science through. Japan, 5–7 June, 1974, 71–76.
Meusel H. (1952). Über Wuchsformen, Verbreitung und Phylogenie einiger mediterran-mittel-europäischen Angiospermen-Gattungen. Flora, 139, 333–393. (in German)
Meusel H. (1970). Wuchsformenreihen Mediterranan-mitteleuropäischer Angiosperm-Taxa. Feddes Repertorium, 81, 41–59. (in German)
Montenegro G., Ginocchio R. (1992). Modular interpretation of architecture in shrub species. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 65, 189–202.
Nukhimovskiy L.E. (1969a). About the term and concept “caudex”. Communication 2. The current state of the issue. Bulletin of Moscow University, 1, 55–62.
Nukhimovskiy L.E. (1969b). About the term and concept “caudex”. Communication 3. The variety of caudexes and their difference from other structural formations. Bulletin of Moscow University, 2, 71–78.
Perreta M., Vegetti A. (2005). Patrones estructurales en las plantas vasculares: una revision. Gayana Botanica, 62, 9–19.
Protopopova V.V. (1992). Synanthropic flora of Ukraine. Naukova dumka, Кyiv. 204 p.(in Ukrainian)
Sakai A.K., Allendorf F.W., Holt J.S., Lodge D.M., Molofsky J., With K.A., Baughman S., Cabin R.J., Cohen J.E., Ellstrand N.C., McCauley D.E., O’Neil P., Parker I.M., Thompson J.N., Weller S.G. (2001). The population biology of invasive species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 32(1), 305–332.
Scherbakova O.F., Kalistaya M.S. (2013). Polyvariant architectural model of Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N. Busch shoot system. Modern Phytomorphology, 3, 153–160.
Serebryakov I.G., Serebryakova T.I. (1965). On two types of rhizome forming by perennial plants. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, LXX (2), 241–245.
Sugorkina N.S. (1995). Genus Geranium. In: Pavlov V.N, Tikhomirov V.N. (eds.), Biological Flora of the Moscow Region, 12, 134–163. Argus, Moscow.
Taylor A., Weigelt P., Denelle P., Cai L., Kreft H. (2023). The contribution of plant life and growth forms to global gradients of vascular plant diversity. New Phytologist, 240(4), 1548–1560. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.19011
Tishchenko M.P. (2009). Meadows in the southwestern part of the Tomsk region. Bulletin of Tomsk State university, 329, 241–245.
Troll W. (1964). Die Infloreszenzen. Bd. 1. Jena, Fischer Verlag. 615 p.
Tsyrenova D.Y. (2007). Geranium in the Amur basin. Systematics, distribution, phylogeny. FESGU Press, Khabarovsk. 182 p.
Volkova I.V, Osmanova G.O. (2012). Features of underground organs in individuals of Siberian geranium and the structure of its cenopopulations. Modern problems of medicine and natural sciences, 6, 209–212.
Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network (UkrBIN) (2024). https://www.ukrbin.com
Webb D.A., Ferguson I.K. (1968). Geranium L. In: Tutin T.G. et al. (eds.), Flora Europaea 2, 193–199. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of its first publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship.