How the ustasha regime exploited prejudices and stereotypes about jews in creating the myth about enemy
Abstract
In examining the role of political myths in the Independent state of Croatia (NDH) propaganda, I will explore one political myth that aroused from pre-existing images and stereotypes about Jews in Croat lands that lie at the heart of NDH propaganda: The Myth about the Enemy. That myth was instrumental in providing “moral” justification for genocide and military violence against Jews throughout NDH history and is important for understanding how propaganda was successful in the recruitment of soldiers in the Ustasha movement, as well as for understanding war and genocidal rhetoric. I will discuss how official-level rhetoric has tailored that myth in order to provide significance for political circumstances and legitimize mass violence against Jews.
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References
Hobsbawm E.J Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, 2d edn. (Cambridge, 1992);
Bartov O “Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 103, No. 3 (Jun., 1998), p.772.
Halpern B, “What is Anti-Semitism?”, Modern Judaism, Vol.1, No.3, 1981, pp.251-262.
Esch j,”Legitimizing the "War on Terror": Political Myth in Official-Level Rhetoric”, Political Psychology, Vol. 31, no. 3 (June 2010): 357-391.
Christopher G. and Flood C, Political myth: A theoretical introduction, (New York: Garland, 1996): 85.
“European Jews call on Croatia to crack down on anti-Semitism”, in Haaretz, June, March 07, 2006.
Goldstein I, “Croatia”, in Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, edited by Richard S. Levy,Volume 1, 2005. p.147.
Goldstein I, „Antisemitizam u Hrvatskoj: Korijeni, pojava i razvoj antisemitizma u Hrvatskoj“, Antisemitizam, Holokaust, Antifašizam, O. Kraus (ur.), Zagreb, 1996.
Bartulin N, The Ideology of Nation and Race: The Croatian Ustasha Regime and its Policies Toward Minorities in the Independent State of Croatia,1941-1945. (A thesis submitted at the University of New South Whales: November, 2006) p.225. Also see Goldstein I, Holokaust, p. 24.
“Political Gazette”, no.10, 10.May, p 6-10; M. Koljanin, Jews and anti-Semitism in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 – 1941, p.203.
Kalebić D, “Pravaštvo i Ustaštvo”, Hrvatska smotra, Zagreb, 7–8 (1942), p. 390–393.
Bogdan I, Dr Ante Pavelic riešio je hrvatsko pitanje, Nakl. Europa, Zagreb, 1942, p. 27; Pavelić A, Putem hrvatskog državnog prava; Članci, govori, izjave, 1918-1929 (Vol, no. 4), Domovina, Madrid, 1977, p. 9–12.
“Narodne novine”, Zagreb, 4. VI 1941, p.1.
Pekić P, Postanak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. Borba za njeno oslobođenje i rad na unutrašnjem uстрojstvu, Hrvatska knjiga, Zagreb, 1942., p.288.
Oršanić A, Ustaštvo kao društveni pokret, Državni izvještajni i promidžbeni ured, Zagreb, 1942, р. 34–38.
“Hrvatska Krajina”, Banja Luka, 28.May 1941, god.1.,no.18, p.1.
“Hrvatska Krajina“, Banja Luka, 25.May 1941, no.17, р.1.
“Hrvatski narod”, 1.V 1941, no.78, p.1.
“Nova hrvatska”, Zagreb, 2. VI 1943.
Државни архив у Загребу (State archives in Zagreb), фонд број 252, кутија 1, p. 58, 60.
ARS, Извештај, Јавна берза рада,(Report from the Public Labor Exchange – Banja Luka) Подружница Бања Лука, бр(no). 215, од (from) 3.10.1945, Упућено Окружној управи јавних добара, Бања Лука.
Koš J, „Nezavisna Država Hrvatska: Osvrt iz današnjice“, in the anthology Holokaust, ljudska prava i obrazovanje (priredio Ognjen Kraus), Židovska općina Zagreb, Zagreb, 2006, p. 45.
Sundhaussen H, Geschichte Jugoslawiens 1918-1980 (Berlin, Kohlhammer: 1982), p119; for growing support after the Ustaša takeover cf. Goldstein I and Jovanović N, Croatia: a history (London: Hurst & Co., 1999), p. 134.
Bartov O “Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 103, No. 3 (Jun., 1998), p.772.
Halpern B, “What is Anti-Semitism?”, Modern Judaism, Vol.1, No.3, 1981, pp.251-262.
Esch j,”Legitimizing the "War on Terror": Political Myth in Official-Level Rhetoric”, Political Psychology, Vol. 31, no. 3 (June 2010): 357-391.
Christopher G. and Flood C, Political myth: A theoretical introduction, (New York: Garland, 1996): 85.
“European Jews call on Croatia to crack down on anti-Semitism”, in Haaretz, June, March 07, 2006.
Goldstein I, “Croatia”, in Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, edited by Richard S. Levy,Volume 1, 2005. p.147.
Goldstein I, „Antisemitizam u Hrvatskoj: Korijeni, pojava i razvoj antisemitizma u Hrvatskoj“, Antisemitizam, Holokaust, Antifašizam, O. Kraus (ur.), Zagreb, 1996.
Bartulin N, The Ideology of Nation and Race: The Croatian Ustasha Regime and its Policies Toward Minorities in the Independent State of Croatia,1941-1945. (A thesis submitted at the University of New South Whales: November, 2006) p.225. Also see Goldstein I, Holokaust, p. 24.
“Political Gazette”, no.10, 10.May, p 6-10; M. Koljanin, Jews and anti-Semitism in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 – 1941, p.203.
Kalebić D, “Pravaštvo i Ustaštvo”, Hrvatska smotra, Zagreb, 7–8 (1942), p. 390–393.
Bogdan I, Dr Ante Pavelic riešio je hrvatsko pitanje, Nakl. Europa, Zagreb, 1942, p. 27; Pavelić A, Putem hrvatskog državnog prava; Članci, govori, izjave, 1918-1929 (Vol, no. 4), Domovina, Madrid, 1977, p. 9–12.
“Narodne novine”, Zagreb, 4. VI 1941, p.1.
Pekić P, Postanak Nezavisne Države Hrvatske. Borba za njeno oslobođenje i rad na unutrašnjem uстрojstvu, Hrvatska knjiga, Zagreb, 1942., p.288.
Oršanić A, Ustaštvo kao društveni pokret, Državni izvještajni i promidžbeni ured, Zagreb, 1942, р. 34–38.
“Hrvatska Krajina”, Banja Luka, 28.May 1941, god.1.,no.18, p.1.
“Hrvatska Krajina“, Banja Luka, 25.May 1941, no.17, р.1.
“Hrvatski narod”, 1.V 1941, no.78, p.1.
“Nova hrvatska”, Zagreb, 2. VI 1943.
Државни архив у Загребу (State archives in Zagreb), фонд број 252, кутија 1, p. 58, 60.
ARS, Извештај, Јавна берза рада,(Report from the Public Labor Exchange – Banja Luka) Подружница Бања Лука, бр(no). 215, од (from) 3.10.1945, Упућено Окружној управи јавних добара, Бања Лука.
Koš J, „Nezavisna Država Hrvatska: Osvrt iz današnjice“, in the anthology Holokaust, ljudska prava i obrazovanje (priredio Ognjen Kraus), Židovska općina Zagreb, Zagreb, 2006, p. 45.
Sundhaussen H, Geschichte Jugoslawiens 1918-1980 (Berlin, Kohlhammer: 1982), p119; for growing support after the Ustaša takeover cf. Goldstein I and Jovanović N, Croatia: a history (London: Hurst & Co., 1999), p. 134.
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How to Cite
Gavrilovic, D. (1). How the ustasha regime exploited prejudices and stereotypes about jews in creating the myth about enemy. The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series "Theory of Culture and Philosophy of Science", 78-84. Retrieved from https://periodicals.karazin.ua/thcphs/article/view/5856
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ФІЛОСОФСЬКА АНТРОПОЛОГІЯ І КУЛЬТУРА
