PECULIARITIES OF HEAVY METALS TRANSLOCATION FROM FRUITS INTO PRODUCTS PRODUCED FROM THEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF APPLES)
Keywords:
fruit as a raw material, apple, juice, thermal treatment, heavy metals, translocation, ecological safety,Abstract
The article is devoted to identification of peculiarities of heavy metals translocation as dominant anthropogenic pollutants from raw fruit (apples) to treated products - fruit juices and compotes. The area of study covered urban geosystems within the following regions: Poltava, Kharkiv and Donetsk Oblasts. The following apple sorts were studied: Jonathan, White Transparent, Melba, Saffron summer and Starking.. On the basis of the research it was found that the content of Zn and Cu in apples and their products is within the MAC. It was identified that Cd concentration in apples is in 2-12,6 times higher than MAC; data for juices: fresh juice – Cd concentration is 2,3-7 MAC and in apple juice after thermal treatment - 1,3 5.3 MAC, in compote – 2 MAC. According to the total pollution index (У Cdg), raw fruit is the most contaminated with heavy metals (У Cdg = 2,3-13,4), followed by fresh juice (У Cdg = 2,5-7,5), juice after thermal treatment (У Cdg = 1,5-5,7) and compote (У Cdg = 2.0-2.2). Approximately 53% of the total metal content was found in apple peel, while the remaining 47% - in the flesh of apples. After the thermal treatment, almost all metal concentrations decreases: Cd content is reduced by an average of 50% (Ctr = 0.51; Ctr – transition coefficient) and other metals - by 25-35% (Ctr = 0,65-0,75). Heavy metal translocation from apple into compote is considerably lower. Thus, the content of Cd and Zn decreased on average by 70%, and Fe, Mn and Cu - 51-62%. Thermal treatment has a positive effect on reducing the concentrations of heavy metals in juice comparing to the original raw fruitDownloads
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