Simulation of Focusing a Hollow Electron Beam by the Symmetric Magnetic Lens for Industrial Application in Additive Technologies
Abstract
The article studies the focusing features of a short-focus hollow electron beam formed from a wide surface of a cold cathode in high-voltage glow discharge electron guns using numerical simulation techniques. Such a type of electron beam is widely used today for producing new kinds of metals with unique properties by melting wire, which moves in a vertical direction through the ring-like beam focus. After that, the melted metal is crystallized on the horizontally moving substrate, which is located near the focus of the electron beam below. Such modern technology is considered three-dimensional printing of metal, or additive technologies. The original software created by the authors in the Python programming language has been used to obtain the corresponding simulation results. Analysis of the obtained numerical simulation results proved that with a small change in the beam trajectory divergence angle or the radius of the initial point on the cathode surface, the beam focus position, as a rule, does not change. Therefore, the annular focus of the beam is usually in a stable position on the longitudinal coordinate, and the thickness of the focal ring is always in the range of several millimeters. The corresponding theoretical results were compared with experimental data, and the difference between the theoretical and experimental results is in the range of 10-15% depending on the accelerating voltage and size of the cathode surface. High-voltage glow discharge electron guns with such parameters, by the thickness of the focal ring, can be successfully used in advanced industrial additive technologies for three-dimensional printing on metal surfaces by uniform heating along the perimeter of moving wires or rods with a variable diameter in the range of 0.5 – 10 mm.
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