Mathematical Analysis of the Features of Radial p-n Junction: Influence of Temperature and Concentration
Abstract
In this article, the electrophysical characteristics of GaAs/Si radial heterojunctions are studied analytically over a temperature range of 50 K to 500 K in increments of 50 K, considering various doping concentrations. The analysis encompasses band gap narrowing (BGN), built-in potential, the difference in band gap between GaAs and Si, and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics. In particular, we focus on shell radii of 0.5 μm and 1 μm within the structure. We found that the thickness of the depletion region of the GaAs/Si radial heterojunction increases with rising temperature. When the doping concentration changes from 2∙1015 to 2∙1018 BGN decreases by 2 MeV. The charge capacity of the GaAs/Si radial heterojunction increases by 3 nF as the temperature rises from 50 K to 500 K. Additionally, the built-in potential of the GaAs/Si radial heterojunction decreases by 1.5 volts with increasing temperature.
Downloads
References
R. Elbersen, R.M. Tiggelaar, A. Milbrat, G. Mul, H. Gardeniers, and J. Huskens, “Controlled Doping Methods for Radial p/n Junctions in Silicon,” Advanced Energy Materials, 5(6), 1401745 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401745
E. Gnani, A. Gnudi, S. Reggiani, and G. Baccarani, “Theory of the Junctionless Nanowire FET,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 58(9), 2903 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2011.2159608
J.Sh. Abdullayev, and I.B. Sapaev, “Optimization of The Influence of Temperature on The Electrical Distribution of Structures with Radial p-n Junction Structures,” East Eur. J. Physics, (3), 344-349 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-3-39
J.Sh. Abdullayev, and I.B. Sapaev, “Optimizing the Influence of Doping and Temperature on The Electrophysical Features of p-n and p-i-n Junction Structures,” Eurasian Physical Technical Journal, 21(3(49), 21–28 (2024). https://doi.org/10.31489/2024No3/21-28
J.Sh. Abdullayev, “Influence of Linear Doping Profiles on the Electrophysical Features of p-n Junctions,” East Eur. J. Phys. (1), 245-249 (2025). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2025-1-26
O.V. Pylypova, A.A. Evtukh, P.V. Parfenyuk, I.I. Ivanov, I.M. Korobchuk, O.O. Havryliuk, and O.Yu. Semchuk, “Electrical and optical properties of nanowires based solar cell with radial p-n junction,” Opto-Electronics Review, 27(2), 143 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.opelre.2019.05.003
R. Ragi, R.V.T. da Nobrega, U.R. Duarte, and M.A. Romero, “An Explicit Quantum-Mechanical Compact Model for the I-V Characteristics of Cylindrical Nanowire MOSFETs,” IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 15(4), 627 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2016.2567323
R.D. Trevisoli, R.T. Doria, M. de Souza, S. Das, I. Ferain, and M.A. Pavanello, “Surface-Potential-Based Drain Current Analytical Model for Triple-Gate Junctionless Nanowire Transistors,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 59(12), 3510 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TED.2012.2219055
N.D. Akhavan, I. Ferain, P. Razavi, R. Yu, and J.-P. Colinge, “Improvement of carrier ballisticity in junctionless nanowire transistors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(10), 103510 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3559625
J.Sh. Abdullayev, and I.B. Sapaev, “Modeling and calibration of electrical features of p-n junctions based on Si and GaAs,” Physical Sciences and Technology, 11, 3-4 39–48 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26577/phst2024v11i2b05
J.Sh. Abdullayev, and I.B. Sapaev, “Factors Influencing the Ideality Factor of Semiconductor p-n and p-i-n Junction Structures at Cryogenic Temperatures,” East Eur. J. Phys. (4), 329-333 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-4-37
A.V. Babichev, H. Zhang, P. Lavenus, F.H. Julien, A.Y. Egorov, Y.T. Lin, and M. Tchernycheva, “GaN nanowire ultraviolet photodetector with a graphene transparent contact,” Applied Physics Letters, 103(20), 201103 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4829756
D.H.K. Murthy, T. Xu, W.H. Chen, A.J. Houtepen, T.J. Savenije, L.D.A. Siebbeles, et al., “Efficient photogeneration of charge carriers in silicon nanowires with a radial doping gradient,” Nanotechnology, 22(31), 315710 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/22/31/315710
B. Pal, K.J. Sarkar, and P. Banerji, “Fabrication and studies on Si/InP core-shell nanowire based solar cell using etched Si nanowire arrays,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 204, 110217 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110217
I. Aberg, G. Vescovi, D. Asoli, U. Naseem, J.P. Gilboy, C. Sundvall, and L. Samuelson, “A GaAs Nanowire Array Solar Cell With 15.3% Efficiency at 1 Sun,” IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 6(1), 185 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2484967
J. Sh. Abdullayev, I. B. Sapaev, Kh. N. Juraev, “Theoretical analysis of incomplete ionization on the electrical behavior of radial p-n junction structures,” Low Temp. Phys. 51, 60–64 (2025), https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0034646
J.Sh. Abdullayev, and I.B. Sapaev, “Analytic Analysis of the Features of GaAs/Si Radial Heterojunctions: Influence of Temperature and Concentration,” East Eur. J. Phys. (1), 204-210 (2025). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2025-1-21
O. Toktarbaiuly, M. Baisariyev, A. Kaisha, T. Duisebayev, N. Ibrayev, T. Serikov, M. Ibraimov, et al., “Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Via Incorporation of Gan Semiconductor Material Synthesized in Hot-Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Furnace,” Eurasian Physical Technical Journal, 21(4(50), 131–139 (2024). https://doi.org/10.31489/2024No4/131-139
M.Sh. Isaev, A.I. Khudayberdieva, M.N. Mamatkulov, U.T. Asatov, and S.R. Kodirov, “The Surface Layer Morphology of Si Samples,” East Eur. J. Phys. (4), 297–300 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-4-32
L. Olimov, and I. Anarboyev, “Some Electrophysical Properties of Polycrystalline Silicon Obtained in a Solar Oven,” Silicon, 14, 3817–3822 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01596-1
L. Olimov, and I. Anarboyev, “Mechanism of thermoelectric material efficiency increase,” AIP Conf. Proc. 3244, 060015 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242092
I. Sapaev, I.B. Sapaev, et. al., “Influence of the parameters to transition capacitance at NCDS-PSI heterostructure,” E3S Web Conf., 383, 04022 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338304022
A.T. Mamadalimov, M.Sh. Isaev, M.N. Mamatkulov, S.R. Kodirov, and J.T. Abdurazzokov, “Study of Silicide Formation in Large Diameter Monocrystalline Silicon,” East Eur. J. Phys. (2), 366-371 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-2-45
M.S. Isaev, U.T. Asatov, M.A. Tulametov, S.R. Kodirov, and A.E. Rajabov, “Study of the Inhomogeneities of Overcompensed Silicon Samples Doped with Manganese,” East Eur. J. Phys. (2), 341-344 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-2-40
Copyright (c) 2025 J.Sh. Abdullayev, I.B. Sapaev, N.Sh. Esanmuradova, Sh.M. Kuliyev, S.R. Kadirov

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).



