The features of cytotoxicity of cadmium ions ultra-low doses prolonged administration on rats skin, lungs, kidneys and cornea fibroblasts

Abstract

There have been studied the features of the cytotoxic effect of cadmium ions on the skin, lungs, kidneys and cornea fibroblasts, which were isolated into the culture from the organs of animals which received the sub low doses of Cd²⁺ with drinking water during 36 days, daily. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the ability of cells for adhesion and migration, their distribution according to early and late stages of apoptosis, as well as metabolic activity – by the ratio ADP/ATP; by the content of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and TGFβ1. There has been shown the greatest sustainability of the cornea and skin fibroblasts to the action of Cd²⁺ ions in the concentrations and terms of administration which were investigated. Cd²⁺ ions in relation to lung fibroblasts demonstrated the strongest cytotoxicity, already on the 15th day the administration of a dose Cd²⁺ 0.1 µg/kg/day. Administering of a dose Cd²⁺ 1 µg/kg/day resulted in increased cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts of the lung, but also a significant decrease in metabolic activity of cells. The cytotoxic effect of a dose Cd²⁺ 1 µg/kg/day on kidney fibroblasts was qualitatively similar to the effect of this dose on lung fibroblasts. Thus, kidney fibroblasts revealed the resistance to prolonged action of Cd²⁺ at a dose of 0.1 µg/kg/day.