Institute of presidency in Uzbekistan in the context of indexes of democracy
Abstract
The article considers the historical conditions of appearance and the process of establishment of the institute of presidency in Uzbekistan. Its constitutional authorities from 1991 to 2018, their impact upon the legislative, judicial and executive power branches are considered. The attention is paid to the fact that the country was one of the first among the post-Soviet states who introduced the institute of the presidency. Based on this the assumption is made that this, obviously, influenced the strengthening of the authorities of the first secretary of Uzbekistan Communist Party as the authorities of the president of the country and became one of the reasons of the authoritative regime. With regard to the above, the research provides the detailed analysis of the constitutional mechanisms of the formation of the republican Senate, appointment and dismissal of the Public Prosecutor General, Head of the Auditing Chamber, head of the National Bank, Head of the National Security Service, Prime-Minister and members of the government, heads of the regions and districts (hokims), judges of the inter-district, district, city, military, and economic courts. Special attention is focused on studying the reasons for the parliament dismissal, analysis of the constitutional norm, which gives a corresponding right to the head of the state to dismiss both chambers of the legislative body of the state. The correlation is studied between the constitutional authorities of the head of the state and values of such basic indexes of its democratic development as the Bertelsmann transformation index, Freedom in the World index and “Polity IV”. The research compares the values of such indexes for Uzbekistan, with the corresponding indexes of Russian Federation, Ukraine and Poland. Based on the comparison of these indexes the conclusions are made as to the level of the democracy development, impact of the constitutional authorities of the head of the state on slowing down of this development, searching for the ways of the democracy acceleration, directions of further continuation of the research. The attention is paid on the tendency of the Russian Federation movement towards the establishment of the authoritative regime. The special attention is paid to the amplification of the constitutional authorities of the institute of presidency of Uzbekistan, absence of the mechanisms of the restriction and contradiction, the theses are grounded on the country relation to the lost counties, countries with the established authoritative regime, the ways of its democratization are suggested.
Downloads
References
Borisov, N. (2011). Institut prezidentstva v stranah Tsentral’noj Azii: personalizatsija VS. Іnstytutsionalizatsija. Tsentral’naja Azija I Kavkaz [Institute of Presidency in Central Asia: Personalization VS. institutionalization, Central Asia, Caucasus], vol. 14, issue 4, 66 [in Russian].
Bulvinskij, A.H. (2017). Osoblyvosti suspil`no-politychnoji modernizatsiji krain postradianskoho prostoru [Features of socio-political modernization of post-Soviet countries]. Kyiv: Fenix [in Ukrainian].
Vorona, P. (2016). Osoblyvosti vplyvu politychnyh partij Uzbekystanu na rozvytok parlamentaryzmu ta mistsevoji demokratiji v krajini [Features of the influence of political parties of Uzbekistan on the development of parliamentarism and local democracy in the country]. Derzhavne upravlinnia ta mistseve samovriaduvannia – Public administration and local self-government, іssue 3, 13–21 [in Ukrainian].
Gadzhyjev, H.A. (2018). Institut prezidentstva v postsovetskih gosudarstvah: osobennosti funktsionirovanija i tendentsiji razvitija [Institute of Presidency in Post-Soviet Countries: Features of Functioning and Development Trends]. Vestnic RUDN, vol. 20, issue 3, 427–435 [in Russian].
Zbrytska, L.H. (2013). Svitovi indeksy demokratii 2011–2012 rokiv ta mistse v nykh Ukrains’koi derzhavy [World Indixes of Democracy 2011-2012 and place in them of the Ukrainian state]. Naukovyj visnyk Rivnens’koho derzhavnoho humanitarnoho universytetu – Scientific herald of Rivne State Humanitarian University,issue 10, 2 –28 [in Ukrainian].
Kozhukhar, O.I. (2012). Problema demokratyzatsii postradians’kykh krain Tsentral’noi Azii. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats’ Kharkivs’koho natsional’noho pedahohichnoho universytetu imeni H.S. Skovorody – Collection of scientific works of the Kharkiv National Pedagogical University named after G.S. Skovoroda, 45, 100–102 [in Ukrainian].
Constitution of Uzbekistan Republic. URL: http://www.lex.uz/Pages/GetAct.aspx?lact_id=35869 [in Russian].
Lysokon, I.O. (2018). Istoriia stanovlennia prezydents’koi vlady v Uzbekystani. Materialy III Vseukrains’koi naukovoi konferentsii prysviachenoi 100 richchiu Dniprovs’koho natsional’noho universytetu im. O. Honchara). Dnipro, 173–175 [in Ukrainian].
Liashenko, T.M. (2011). Transformatsiia politychnykh system v krainakh Tsentral’noi Azii: natsional’nyj ta rehional’nyj aspekty [Transformation of Political Systems in Central Asia: National and Regional Aspects]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
Martyniuk, R.S. (2013). Problemy klassifikatsii prezydentsializirovannoj formy pravlenyia v postsovetskykh stranakh Vostochnoj Evropy i Azii [Problems of classification of the presidentialized form of government in the post-soviet countries of Eastern Europe and Asia].
Vestnik Tomskoho hosudarstvennoho universitieta – Bulletin of Tomsk State University, issue 1, 58 [in Russian].
Authority Trends, 1946−2013: Russia (and the Soviet Union). Polity IV Individual Country Regime Trends. URL: http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4x.htm.
Cecire, M.H. (2018). Georgia. Nations in Transit 2016 / Michael Hikari Cecire. Freedom House. URL: https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2018/uzbekistan.
Transformation Index BTI. (2018). Bertelsmann Stiftung. URL: https://www.btiproject.org/en/country-reports.
