The Editorial Board retracts published articles in cases where significant violations of academic integrity or publication ethics are identified (including plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, major errors affecting the validity of results, and inappropriate authorship).

Retraction may be initiated by the author(s), the Editorial Board, or third parties. The decision to retract an article is made by the Editorial Board based on the results of an investigation and in accordance with the principles of publication ethics, including the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics.

Prior to making a decision, the author(s) are given the opportunity to provide explanations. If the grounds for retraction are confirmed, the Editorial Board publishes a retraction notice indicating the reasons for the retraction.

The retracted article remains accessible in the journal archive with a clear indication of its retracted status. The Editorial Board ensures transparency of the procedure and informs readers about any changes made.