The Editorial Board considers all complaints regarding potential violations of academic integrity and publication ethics (including plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, inappropriate authorship, and conflicts of interest).

Complaints must be submitted in written form, providing justification and, where possible, supporting evidence. The Editorial Board conducts a preliminary assessment of the complaint and, if sufficient grounds are identified, initiates an internal investigation involving members of the Editorial Board and/or independent experts.

The author(s) of the relevant publication have the right to provide explanations regarding the substance of the complaint. During the investigation, the Editorial Board may suspend the review or publication process.

Based on the results of the investigation, the Editorial Board makes a decision in accordance with the principles of publication ethics (including the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics), which may include rejection of the manuscript, retraction of the publication, issuance of corrections, or other appropriate measures.

The decision of the Editorial Board is communicated to both the complainant and the author(s). All stages of the procedure are conducted in accordance with the principles of confidentiality, impartiality, and objectivity.