Ethnic tourism: the problem of conceptual terminology and methodical approaches to social-geographic studies
Abstract
The article deals with the analysis of foreign and national researchers’ approaches to definition of the concept of ethnic tourism. The majority of existing studies devoted to ethnic tourism inAmericaandEuropeconcentrate on describing it as trips to exotic and often isolated ethnic groups (Smith V., McIntosh R., Goeldner C., Van den Berghe P., Harron S., Weiler B.). Some scientists regard that ethnic tourism includes trips to forefathers’ homelands with the purpose of learning the own ethnic belonging – nostalgic tourism (King B.). Along with the term of ethnic tourism, the concepts of aboriginal tourism (Getz D., Jamieson W.) and native tourism (Butler R., Hinch T.) are widely used, though the same phenomenon is meant. Russian researchers use the concepts of ethnic tourism, ethnographic tourism and nostalgic tourism.
No unanimous opinion as to definition of ethnic tourism is found with Ukrainian scientists (Kyryliuk L., Parkhomenko T., Kyfiak V., Kliap M.,BochanI.,KulakovskaI., Orlova M, Chubrey O., etc). We understand the concept of ethnic tourism to be a type of tourist activity that satisfies the consumers’ interests in cognition of material and spiritual culture of certain ethnos (ethnic group, ethnographic group) that inhabits (or previously inhabited) a certain territory. While on excursions, tourists get acquainted with architecture, clothes, folklore, rituals, folk traditions, handicrafts, everyday life, ethnic cuisine, historic events, known persons, and monuments of certain ethnos or its part (sub-ethnos or ethnic group).
The algorithm of socio-geographic study of ethnic tourism potential within a big poly-ethnic urban settlement contains five stages: 1) the study of historical and geographic specificities of formation of regional (settlement) population’s ethnic structure on the whole, and specific ethnic group in particular; 2) establishment of the dynamics of the level of population’s ethnic variety; 3) the study of the material and spiritual cultural heritage of ethnic communities; 4) point evaluation of ethnic tourism objects; 5) development of ethnic-oriented excursion routes.
Downloads
References
2. Dzhaman, Ya.V. (2014). Polietnichna kulturna spadshchyna – osnova rozvytku etnoturyzmu v Chernivtsyakh. Geografiya, kartografiya, geografichna osvita: istoriya, metodologiya, praktyka. Mater. mizhnar. nauk.-prakt. konf. (Chernivtsi, 9-11 zhovtnya 2014 r.). Chernivtsi: Vydavnychyi dim “Rodovid”, 251-252.
3. Dutchak O. Teoretyko-metodologichni problemy ukrainskoho etnoturyzmu: istoriografiya. Avialable at: www.pu.if.ua/depart/../life/Dutczak%20O..doc
4. Etnoturyzm – chto eto? Avialable at: http://www.mede.su/ content/78/read246.html.
5. Zakon Ukrainy “Pro turyzm”. (1995). Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy, 31. Avialable at: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/324/95-vr
6. Kyrylyuk, L.M. Novi (netradytsiyni) vydy turyzmu Ukrainy. Avialable at: ttp:www.nbuv.gov.ua./portal/naturalNzvdpu_geogr/2008_17/novi%20vudu%20tyruzmy.pdf.
7. Kyfyak, V.F. (2003). Organizatsiya turystychnoi diyalnosti v Ukraini. Chernivtsi: Zelena Bukovyna, 312.
8. Kolesnyk, O. Formuvannya klasyfikatsiynykh oznak turyzmu u systemi ekonomichnykh aspektiv rozvytku suspil-stva. Avialable at: http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/Soc_gum/Vzhdtu_econ/2009_1/36pdf
9. Malova, N.M. (2002). Etnicheskiy turizm: problemy, tendentsii, perspektivy. Turizm i kulturnoe nasledie: Mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Saratov: Izdatelstvo Saratovskogo universiteta, I, 72-79.
10. Muravska, S.V. (2011). Etnichnyi turyzm: do problemy vyznachennya terminu. Rozvytok etnoturyzmu: problemy ta perspektyvy: Zb. mater. Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf. molodykh uchenykh (Lviv, 2-3 bereznya 2011 r.). Lviv: LIET, 70-74.
11. Orlova, M.L. (2009). Resursy etnichnoho turyzmu regionu: suspilno-geografichna otsinka (na materialakh Odeskoi oblasti): avtoref. dys. na zdobuttya nauk. stupenya kand. geogr. nauk: spets. 11.00.02 «Ekonomichna ta sotsialna geografiya». Odesa, 19.
12. Parkhomenko, T.S. (2004). Antropologiya turyzmu. Filosofiya turyzmu: navchalnyi posibnyk. K.: Kondor, 268. Avialable at: http//tourlib.net/books_ukr/filotur14.htm
13. Petryk, N.A., Chubrey, O.S. (2013). Stanovlennya ta rozvytok etnichnoho turyzmu (na prykladi mihratsiynykh protsesiv Lemkivshchyny v seredyni XX stolittya). Naukovyi visnyk Chernivetskoho universytetu: Zb. nauk. prats, 672-673: Geografiya. Chernivtsi: ChNU, 151-155.
14. Prytula, V. Evropeitsi obyrayut etnichnyi turyzm v Krymu. Avialable at: http://origin.radiosvoboda.org/content/article/948627.html
15. Rozhnova, V., Teres, N. (2013). Problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku etnoturyzmu: zarubizhnyi ta ukrainskyi dosvid. Etnichna istoriya narodiv Evropy, 39, 35-44.
16. Butler, R., Hinch, T. (1996). Tourism and Indigenous Peoples. – London: International Thomson Business Press, 134.
17. Getz, D., Jamieson, W. (1997). Rural tourism in Canada: issues, opportunities and entrepreneurship in aboriginal tourism in Alberta. The Business of Rural Tourism: International Perspectives . Toronto: International Thomson Business Press, 93-107.
18. Harron, S., Weiler, B. (1992). Review: Ethnic tourism. Special Interest Tourism. London: Belhaven Press, 83-94.
19. King, B. (1994). What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective. Tourism Management, 15(3), 173-176.
20. McIntosh, R., Goeldner, C. (1990). Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies. New York: Wiley, 328.
21. Smith, V. (1977). Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 352.
22. Van den Berghe, P. (1992). Tourism and the ethnic division of labor. Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 234-249.
23. Yang, L. Planning for Ethnic Tourism: Case Studies from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Avialable at: http//uwspace.uwaterloo.ca/bitstream/10012/3123/1/Thesis_Li.pdf
