History of formation of medical psychology of Ukraine

Abstract

The article in the historical aspect considers the problems of formation of medical psychology. The work contains the results of the analysis of the history of the formation of medical psychology in Ukraine, the development of its most promising directions in solving specific problems of medical practice. On the way to the formation of Ukrainian psychology as a science, there were different schools, directions and concepts. They were different in nature, often contradicting each other. Thus, in Soviet psychological science, based on the communist idea, the task was to develop a single, monistic approach to the study and explanation of mental phenomena. It is emphasized that when the connection with practice is lost, the subject of psychology is eroded, the scientific status of this knowledge is lost. On the way to overcoming the crisis of modern medical psychology, it is necessary to theoretically comprehend the practical experience for the development of technologies for solving urgent practical problems of psychological care. Comprehension and generalization of the invaluable experience of the first practical psychologists of our country can serve modern researchers and practitioners, as psychological practice now faces the same problems that arose at the beginning of the last century before the then scientists and practitioners. Traditional in the history of psychology is the general idea that the allocation of medical psychology as an applied field was due to the closure of experimental research to address current issues and practical problems in psychiatry and neurology in the late XX - early XXI century. The methodological basis for the study of the psyche was to be a dialectical-materialist orientation. However, despite ideological pressure, a single approach to the study of the psyche could not be developed. In specific studies of the Soviet period, sometimes directly, and in most cases, the positions of psychologists of various fields and schools were used in disguise, which was evidence of the creative use of the achievements of world psychological science.