Clinical case of delivery of a pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma and rehabilitation in the postoperative period

Abstract

Abstract. Uterine leiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of the smooth muscles of the uterus, which is one of the causes of infertility and miscarriage in women in the modern world. Delivery of pregnant women with large uterine leiomyoma is a current problem, since there is no single and clear opinion regarding the tactics of managing such patients. In the past, most specialists were inclined to perform hysterectomy after cesarean section, as they considered it the safest method of therapy, since myomectomy during cesarean section raised many questions related to complications during surgery and in the postoperative period. This article examines the modern view of specialists and the experience of the authors on organ-preserving tactics for the treatment of large uterine leiomyomas in women during pregnancy and delivery and analyzes rehabilitation in the postpartum period. The aim of the study. The aim of the study was to analyze scientific literature data on the advisability of performing myomectomy during cesarean section and combining the experience of other specialists with our own experience of delivery of pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma using a complex of intraoperative preventive measures. Materials and methods. A clinical case of delivery of a pregnant woman with large uterine leiomyoma and rehabilitation in the postoperative period is described. A systematic online study of articles on the topic of myomectomy during cesarean section was conducted. Results and discussion. Data from a significant number of works by other specialists indicate that preliminary substantiation of factors that may complicate surgical intervention (uterine contractility, anatomical localization, number and diameter of fibroids, as well as the presence of large vascular structures), the use of a set of preventive intraoperative measures and modern suture materials can reduce the amount of blood loss and prevent unfavorable postoperative results. Our proposed algorithm of action, including the administration of tranexamic acid before opening the anterior abdominal wall, a long-acting oxytocin agonist and the hemostatic sponge «Surgicel», allows us to minimize the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the risks of uncontrolled bleeding. It should also be noted that the addition of a cesarean section with myomectomy does not affect the course of rehabilitation in the postoperative period. Conclusions. Based on a study of literary sources over the past 10 years and our own research, we can conclude that myomectomy during cesarean section is advisable in the absence of contraindications. A combination of postoperative rehabilitation measures, tactics and techniques of surgical intervention, and prevention of intraoperative blood loss make it possible to ensure high-quality recovery for patients.