ОГЛЯД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ STEM-ОСВІТИ В США НА ОСНОВІ РОБОТОТЕХНІКИ A REVIEW OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STEM EDUCATION IN THE USA BASED ON ROBOTICS

Л, БАТЮК Харківський національний педагогічний університет імені Г. С. Сковороди https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-0265
В. В. МАСИЧ Харківський національний педагогічний університет ім. Г. С. Сковороди https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8943-7756

Ключові слова: STEM-освіта, R-STEM-освіта, освітня робототехніка, Лего, K-12, школа, університет, заклад вищої освіти, США

Анотація

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2074-8922-2025-84-40

У статті наведено огляд впровадження STEM-освіти в США на основі робототехніки, як частини новітніх інновацій освітнього середовища Сполучених Штатів. STEM-освіта має важливе значення для розвитку базових, професійних та суспільних навичок, які є ключовими для академічних досягнень і готовності до роботи в 21-му столітті. Технологія в викладанні STEM-предметів відноситься до інструментів, які роблять абстрактні ідеї більш конкретними та доступними через експериментальне навчання. Ці роботизовані технології забезпечують динамічність представлення систем STEM для покращення засвоєння учнями складних понять.

На основі ґрунтовного аналізу науково-педагогічних і нормативно-правових джерел висвітлено ключові періоди розвитку застосування технологій у навчанні, та пов’язані з ними процеси розбудови галузі STEM-освіти в США.

З’ясовано, що поява технологій передбачає впровадження їх у навчальний процес уроку, та вимагає глибокої зміни надання освіти, нового поняття відносно «ролі технологій в освіти», що визначає конструктивістський погляд на навчання як на «побудову структур знань», шляхом створення нових знань. Освітня робототехніка у STEM-навчанні розглядається як крос-тематична та полегшує засвоєння навчального матеріалу учнями у галузі науки, технологій, інженерії та математики. Освітня робототехніка надає школярам та студентам можливість досліджувати, як віртуальні та інженерні технології працюють у реальному житті, знаходити нові способи спільної роботи, розвивати навички співпраці, виражати себе за допомогою технологічного інструменту, знайомить учнів із частиною математичного наукового мислення та може бути воротами до вивчення прикладних математичних дисциплін та наукових концепцій.

Визначено, що роботизовані технології забезпечують динамічність представлення системи STEM для покращення засвоєння учнями складних понять, та допомагають оптимізувати освітній процес. Підтримка урядом США інтеграції технологій в робототехнічне STEM-освітнє середовище, відіграє ключову роль у наданні практичних знань і підготовки учнів до майбутньої кар’єри на світовому ринку праці.

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