OBSERVATION OF HYDRATION-CONNECTED EFFECTS IN COOLED AND FROZEN SOLUTIONS BY MEANS OF SECONDARY ION MASS SPECTROMETRY
Keywords:
low temperature mass spectrometry, hydrates, crystalline hydrates, cryoprotectors, alcohols, polyoxymethylene, clustersAbstract
Analysis of possibilities of low temperature mass spectrometry with fast atom or ion bombardment in the study of hydration-related phenomena in the frozen solutions is presented. A model of formation of low temperature mass spectra is described and some parameters of the mass spectra, which provide information on the types of intermoiecular interactions, aggregate state and phase transitions in the samples with temperature variations are defined. A possibility of production of hydrate clusters from the liquid phase, present in the water-alcohol and formalin samples in a rather narrow temperature range under low pressure conditions inherent of mass spectrometric experiment, is demonstrated. In the case of the solid sample sputtering of ions is hampered for solids with network of hydrogen bonds, but is possible in the case of domination of van-der-waals interactions. The last occurs with oligomers of polyoxymethylene, which are formed due to polymerization in formaline; namely this type of samples allowed to record for the first time the presence of the strongly bound water in the solid state by means of low temperature mass spectrometry. Examples connected with crystalline hydrates of inorganic salts are also presented. Correlations between hydration and cryoprotector properties of some compounds are discussed.
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