EVALUATION AND COMPARISON OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC DIGITAL SIGNATURE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE ADDITIONAL NIST COMPETITION «DIGITAL SIGNATURE SCHEMES»

Abstract

 In the modern world, the development of quantum computing threatens classical cryptographic algorithms, in particular RSA, ECDSA and DSA, which are used to ensure digital security. This creates a need to develop post-quantum cryptographic solutions that can be resistance under quantum computers attacks. Stable digital signature algorithms are especially important, as they provide authentication, integrity and non-repudiation of information in financial, legal and government systems. The article analyzes and compares cryptographic digital signature schemes participating in the NIST supplementary competition “Digital Signature Schemes”. The main mathematical foundations of these algorithms are investigated, in particular, lattice cryptography, code-based schemes, multivariate transformations, elliptic curve isogenies and MPC-in-the-Head methods. Their performance, security and efficiency in the context of post-quantum threats are assessed. A detailed analysis of the length of public keys, signatures and the speed of key generation, signing and verification operations is carried out. The main advantages and disadvantages of each approach are identified, promising directions for the development of post-quantum digital signatures and their possible practical application are identified. The research is relevant in connection with the need to transition to new cryptographic standards that will guarantee data security in the future. The results allow to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the considered algorithms, as well as to identify promising directions for the further researches of post-quantum cryptography.