PHENOMENOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF IDENTITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WESTERN AND EASTERN PARADIGMS OF PHILOSOPHIZING

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of phenomenology and classification of identities. It is noted that the theory of the evolution of identities in Western culture, proposed by modern researcher Carl Trueman, which distinguishes the road from the political identity through the religious to the psychological, is incomplete and, in general, combines different levels of identities. We propose to apply a phenomenological approach to the analysis of the phenomenon of identity and, basing on E. Husserl's concept of the eidetic and psychophysical ego, we associate the phenomenon of identity with the latter. Next moment is that we use M. Buber's conception of two different types of intentionalities: I - You and I – It. We supplement this conception with our theory of distinguishing between different types of the I - You intentionality, namely I - You Our Own, I - You the Other, I - You the Alien. The intentionality I - You Our Own manifests itself in tribal identity (develops in the process of direct interactions between people), I - You the Other in religious and national (imaginary) identities, I - You the Alien in civilizational and universal (abstract) identities. We also propose to divide the identities into socio-political (external and self-sufficient) and socio-psychological (internal, those that develop within the socio-political). We include the aforementioned tribal, religious, national, and civilizational identities in the socio-political group; and the family, gender, class, professional, subcultural, etc. in socio-psychological identities.