RESEARCH OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS OF THE SOLAR CELL MODEL

Kyrysov I. V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-8880
Melnykov V V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-6805
Budanov M. V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8032-0562
Ponomarenko O. V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4573-1777

Keywords: solar cell, solar cell model, photovoltaic conversion, mathematical modeling, electrophysical parameters, efficiency, current-voltage characteristic, information and measuring systems, qualimetry, photovoltaic module

Abstract

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2079-1747-2026-37-04

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern models of solar cells that describe their electrophysical characteristics and internal processes of converting solar energy into electricity. The approaches to mathematical modeling of photovoltaic converters are summarized, taking into account their structural and material features and physical mechanisms of generation and recombination of charge carriers.

The dependence of the main photovoltaic parameters of solar cells on the influence of external and internal factors, in particular temperature, intensity and spectral composition of solar radiation, is studied. It is established that an increase in temperature leads to the degradation of key operational characteristics, in particular the efficiency, open circuit voltage, fill factor and current-voltage characteristics. It is substantiated that these changes are due to variations in the bandgap width, an increase in the level of recombination processes and a decrease in the mobility of charge carriers in semiconductor materials.

An improved method for calculating the main electrophysical parameters of solar cells, in particular the short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage, has been developed, which is based on taking into account the multilayer structure of materials, their physicochemical properties and operating conditions. The proposed approach allows to increase the accuracy of determining the output power, efficiency and stability of the current-voltage characteristics in real operating conditions.

Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of changes in illumination, including variations in the intensity and spectral composition of solar radiation, which significantly affect the generation of photocurrent and the formation of output electrical parameters. It is shown that dynamic changes in lighting conditions during the day or in conditions of unstable radiation cause nonlinear changes in the characteristics of solar cells, which must be taken into account when modeling and operating them.

The need for further improvement of existing models of solar cells by integrating temperature, spectral and structural factors is justified, which will ensure increased reliability of calculations and efficiency of functioning of photovoltaic systems in real operating conditions.

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