QUALIMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE QUALITY OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT UNIT BASED ON A RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH
Abstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2079-1747-2026-37-01
The article is devoted to the relevant scientific and practical problem of developing and substantiating a methodological approach to the comprehensive assessment of the performance quality of nuclear power plant (NPP) units. In the context of increasing nuclear safety requirements and the need to extend the service life of power equipment, traditional methods based on isolated technical and economic indicators prove insufficient for an adequate representation of the state of complex technical systems. The authors propose an integration of qualimetric analysis methods with the principles of a risk-oriented approach, which allows not only for recording the current parameters of the system but also for considering potential threats and the synergistic effects of their interaction. The study provides a critical analysis of scientific approaches to ensuring NPP operational safety in Ukraine and global experience in applying multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in the energy sector. It was identified that the key issue is the lack of a unified methodology that combines quantitative technical parameters with qualitative characteristics, such as safety culture or organizational efficiency. Based on a systems approach, a multi-level system of 49 indicators has been formed, structured into seven categories: technical, economic, social, organizational, ethical, informational, and environmental. A distinctive feature of the system is its adaptability to internal (modernization, personnel) and external (cyber threats, regulatory changes) factors. The methodological part of the research describes the process of determining the weights of indicators using expert groups and statistical methods. To increase the objectivity of the assessments, the use of median values and mode is proposed, which allows for neutralizing the influence of anomalous expert opinions. A significant scientific result is the application of a graph-based approach for modeling the interrelationships between indicators. The constructed directed graph model and adjacency matrix allow for the identification of "node" parameters, the change of which causes a cascading impact on the safety of the entire power unit. The interpretation of the modeling results indicates that the performance quality of an NPP is a functional dependence on the current state and the aggregate of associated risks. The proposed approach provides a scientific basis for making informed management decisions regarding equipment modernization and operational resource management, taking into account the non-linear nature of factor interaction in high-hazard systems.
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