Features of the formation of the vortex system and cavitation in superfluid solutions 3He - 4He

Abstract

The work examines the features of the formation a system of vortices, turbulent fluid flow and cavitation that arises at the oscillation of the quartz tuning fork placed in superfluid ⁴He and solutions ³He in ⁴He. With an increasing of excitation a shift of the resonance frequency of tuning fork and the increase of resonance width arises, which indicates the transition to the vortex state of fluid and turbulent flow regime. It is shown that in superfluid solutions the increase of the impurity concentration of ³He leads to the increasing of the stability the liquid with respect to the formation of vortices and the transition to the turbulent state. The formation of gas bubbles in superfluid solution (cavitation) was fixed at the biggest exciting force, more than 10^-4 N, in the “open” tuning fork. Cavitation was not registered in the tuning fork with constrained geometry.