Тhe geological structure and biostratigraphic division of amber-bearing Paleogene deposits of the «Drevlianska» site, Zhytomyr Polissia
Abstract
Problems Statement and Purpose. The relevance of this study is determined by the need to apply modern bio- and lithostratigraphic methods to clarify the age and paleogeographic conditions of accumulation of amber-bearing strata in Zhytomyr Polissya. This study aims to investigate the structure and stratification of the sedimentary cover, as well as the paleogeographic conditions of sedimentation within the Barashi amber-bearing district. The research is based on an analysis of palynofacies and lithological characteristics of the deposits and seeks to refine existing concepts of amber distribution.
Data and Methods. The material was collected by the authors during field investigations at the «Drevlianska» geological site, which included borehole drilling and the excavation of test pits. In total, 154 workings were examined. The lithological characteristics of the exposed deposits were documented in detail. Micropaleontological and palynofacies analyses were conducted on samples from 17 workings.
Results and Discussion. The sedimentary cover consists of Middle and Upper Eocene sediments, represented by the Kyiv and Obukhiv regional stages, respectively, as well as Quaternary deposits. The Kyivian regional stage consists mainly of non-carbonate siltstones and sands and is characterized by dinocyst assemblages, including Rhombodinium porosum, Enneadocysta multicornuta, and Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum. These assemblages correspond to the Bartonian zonal interval DP10 of the biostratigraphic scheme proposed by A.S. Andreeva-Grigorovich (1991). The transgression of the Kyiv Sea within the study area led to the reworking of the underlying Cretaceous sediments, fragments of which flints and reworked dinocysts, were largely redeposited at the base of the Kyiv sequence.
In general, the composition of the microplankton community (Microdinium, Hystrichokolpoma rigaudiae, Homotryblium, Wetzeliella, Wilsonidium, Enneadocysta, Areosphaeridium, Charlesdowniea, Thalassiphora fenestrata, Deflandrea heterophlycta) indicates sedimentation within a warm epicontinental marine shelf basin, which corresponds to the environmental conditions prevailing during the Bartonian climatic optimum.
It is shown that the amber-bearing deposits are confined to the Upper Eocene (Obukhov) interval, which corresponds to the Priabonian zonal interval DP11, and are characterized by a dinocyst assemblage, in which Rhombodinium perforatum and Thalassiphora reticulata are present. The Obukhiv regional stage is represented by a non-carbonate sandy sequence with a three-membered internal structure. Within this sequence, regular patterns of amber distribution between individual sedimentary units were revealed. It was found that the maximum accumulation of amber occurred during the initial and final phases of the Obukhov transgressive-regressive cycle, which coincided with periods of increased erosion of amber-forming beds.
Palynofacial analysis shows that the accumulation of amber occurred in the conditions of a warm, shallow epicontinental sea, characterized by a small-archipelago location, within the delta zone of a small river system.
The results obtained can be used as a representative local model for reconstructing the sequence of paleogeographic events in the region and for determining the key stages of interaction between the coastal zone and the sedimentary basin.
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