Investigation of the Microstructure of Photosensitive CdSe and CdSe:Cd,Cl Thin Films

Keywords: Photosensitive film, CdSe, CdSe:Cd,Cl, Longitudinal photoconductivity, Polycrystal, Texture, Substrate temperature, Heat treatment, Sensitization kinetics, Coherent X-ray scattering size

Abstract

The substructure of freshly prepared photosensitive CdSe and doped CdSe:Cd, Cl thin films was investigated with respect to the influence of substrate temperature Ts and heat-treatment time in air in the presence of  vapor. The results of electron diffraction and electron microscopy studies for films prepared under different technological conditions are also presented. It was established that the texture axis of the as-prepared CdSe films is perpendicular to the substrate plane. As Ts increases from 250 to 400°C, the texture-axis dispersion angle, the fraction of the hexagonal phase, the crystallite size, and the coherent X-ray scattering region size  increase. After annealing in air in the presence of CdCl2 vapor at 300°C, films prepared at Ts =250°C exhibit reorientation of crystallites from the (111)c+(0002)h plane, which is parallel to the substrate plane, to the (10¯1 3) orientation through the (311)c+(11¯1 2)h  planes. This reorientation is accompanied by an increase in crystallite size and Dcsr, and by a decrease in the lattice parameter and the minimum dislocation density.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

D. Kalita, and P.K. Mochahari, “Investigation on thickness dependent structural, optical and electrical properties of cadmium selenide thin films deposited via thermal process,” Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, 14(3), 364–370 (2025). https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2025.09.2531675

S. Hussain, M. Iqbal, A.A. Khan, M.N. Khan, G. Mehboob, S. Ajmal, J.M. Ashfaq, et al., “Fabrication of Nanostructured Cadmium Selenide Thin Films for Optoelectronics Applications,” Front. Chem. 9, 661723 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.661723

L.N. Ibrahimova, N.M. Abdullayev, M.E. Aliyev, G. A. Garashova, and Y.I. Aliyev, “Phase formation process in CdSe thin films,” East European Journal of Physics, (1), 493–496 (2024). https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2024-1-54

A. Purohit, S. Chander, S.P. Nehra, C. Lal, and M.S. Dhaka, “Effect of thickness on structural, optical, electrical and morphological properties of nanocrystalline CdSe thin films for optoelectronic applications,” Optical Materials, 47, 345–353 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2015.05.053

M. Ayibzhanov, U.R. Salomov, B.K. Tuychibaev, N.K. Yuldashev, and M.D. Tolibjanovna, “Spectral distribution, optical and thermal quenching of longitudinal photoconductivity in CdSe/SnO₂ films,” Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 13, 2452–2464 (2025). https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2025.137140

S. Mahato, and A.K. Kar, “Structural, optical and electrical properties of electrodeposited cadmium selenide thin films for applications in photodetector and photoelectrochemical cell,” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 742, 23-29 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.01.034

R. Choudhary, and R.P. Chauhan, “Thickness dependent variation in structural, optical and electrical properties of CdSe thin films,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30(6), 5753–5759 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-00870-8

G.S. Girolami, X-ray Crystallography, (MIT Press, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053273315020331

J.P. Glusker, and K.N. Trueblood, Crystal structure analysis: A primer, 3rd ed. (Oxford University Press, 2010). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199576340.001.0001

Z.G. Ju, Y.M. Lu, J.Y. Zhang, X.J. Wu, K.W. Liu, D.X. Zhao, Z.Z. Zhang, et al., “Structural phase control of CdSe thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition,” Journal of Crystal Growth, 307(1), 26–29 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.06.006

R.B. Kale, and C.D. Lokhande, “Band gap shift, structural characterization and phase transformation of CdSe thin films from nanocrystalline cubic to nanorod hexagonal on air annealing,” Semiconductor Science and Technology, 20(1), 1–9 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/20/1/001

M.H. Yükselici, A.A. Bozkurt, and B.C. Ömür, “A detailed examination of the growth of CdSe thin films through structural and optical characterization,” Materials Research Bulletin, 48(7), 2442–2449 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.02.068

B.K. Tuychibaev, and N.Kh. Yuldashev, “A study of the microstructure of CdSe:Cu,Cl films heat‑treated in vacuum and air in CuCl₂ vapor,” Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods, 3(11), 81–86 (2025).

S.L. Patel, S. Chander, A. Purohit, M.D. Kannan, and M.S. Dhaka, “Understanding the physical properties of CdCl2 treated thin CdSe films for solar cell applications,” Optical Materials, 89, 42-47 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2019.01.001

M. Ayibzhanov, B.K. Tuychibaev, and N.Kh. Yuldashev, “Technology for Obtaining CdSe Films with Transparent SnO₂ Contacts by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation,” Scientific and Technical Journal of Fergana Polytechnic Institute, 28(5), 19–25 (2024).

B.K. Tuychibaev, “Thermal vacuum method for producing photoconductive CdSe films with transparent SnO₂ contacts,” Eurasian Research Bulletin, 41, 17-22 (2025). https://geniusjournals.org/index.php/erb/article/view/6797

B.S. Pandit, “Structural and dynamical properties, lattice dynamical CdS, CdSe, and CdTe,” International Journal of New Technology and Research, 11(3), 1-6 (2025). https://www.ijntr.org/download_data/IJNTR11030018.pdf

Published
2026-06-10
Cited
How to Cite
Yulchiyev, I. I., Tuychibaev, B. K., Yuldashev, N. K., Sulaymonov, K. M., Hasanova, G. A., Oskonbaev, M. C., & Tashpolotov, I. (2026). Investigation of the Microstructure of Photosensitive CdSe and CdSe:Cd,Cl Thin Films. East European Journal of Physics, (2), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2026-2-18