The estimation of posibility of stearic and oleic acids' TLC-separation with eluents containing surfactants

doi:10.26565/2220-637X-2018-30-05

Denis V. Kalinin V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-4433
Olga Yu. Konovalova V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6790-4843
Mariya N. Doyarenko V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-2495

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26565/2220-637X-2018-30-05

Keywords: thin-layer chromatography, stearic acid, oleic acid, surfactant

Abstract

The possibility of separation of oleic and stearic acids with mobile phases on the basis of surfactants was estimated by the method of a thin-layer chromatography. The influence of surfactant's type and concentration on the retention parameters of the studied acids when using of normal-phase plates for a thin-layer chromatography of Sorbfil UV-254 is investigated in the work. The influence on mobility of oleic and stearic acids of the anionic sodium n-dodecylsulphate, cationic cetylpyridinium chloride and non-ionic Tween-80 in the range of concentration from 1·10^-5 mol/l to 0.1 mol/l is estimated. The mixed mobile phases on the basis of two last surfactants taken in various concentrations are also investigated. The рН of eluents was varied in the range from 1 to 9. The addition of 2-propanol into the mobile phase containing surfactant didn't lead to improvement of acids' distribution efficiency. The best results have been received with the eluent, containing 1·10^-5 mol/l of cetylpyridinium chloride and boric buffer solution with pH 9. Preliminary modification of silica gel surface with cetylpyridinium chloride did not change the results of chromatography. For clarification of relation of acids' retention with a length of a hydrophobic fragment, and, therefore, a contribution of hydrophobic interactions, in system with the mixed mobile phase on the basis of cetylpyridinium chloride and Tween-80 at pH 3 formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid and myristic acid were analyzed. The smallest mobility was observed for myristic acid (lgP_o/w=6.09±0.19) that indicates very strong hydrophobic interactions of acid with the surface of silica gel modified by surfactants. Such interactions are the main reason of bad mobility of studied oleic (lgP_o/w=7.7±0.2) and stearic (lgP_o/w=8.22±0.19) acids in system with the surfactant-containing eluents. For the manifestation of acidic zones after chromatography, a solution of phosphomolybdic acid, a solution of rhodamine B, a solution of sulfuric acid and an iodine chamber were tested. The best visualization of TLC-сhromatogram is obtained after sprinkle the plates by 6% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol with their subsequent heating at 110 °C.

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