Theory and Practice of Public Administration

Global Governance and Comprehensive Security: Integrative Aspects of Forming a Global Ecosystem of Resilience in Conditions of Hybrid Threats

Dmytro Karamyshev — 2024-06-27

In the article, the concepts of «Comprehensive security» and «Resilience in conditions of hybrid threats» are disclosed in a broad sense. The conceptual approaches, principles and integration aspects of global governance in ensuring comprehensive security are substantiated, and the components of the sustainability assessment system are determined using the example of the OECD countries, which can be the key to building both a global ecosystem of Resilience and a system of national Resilience of Ukraine on the way to becoming a member of the OECD in the conditions hybrid threats.
A correlation was made between the assessment of the development of the OECD countries and the assessment of the stability of the OECD countries, as a model by which it is possible to generalize and improve the relevant system of assessment of the OECD countries in the conditions of the conditions hybrid threats.
During the evaluation, it is proposed to use the concept of the integrated model of the ecosystem of Resilience (CORE), which can be taken as a basis by the OECD member countries when clarifying the conditions and a set of factors for making strategic decisions regarding development, cooperation and interaction, taking into account comprehensive security and resilience from hybrid effects under conditions of unpredictability.
It is emphasized the importance of continuing comprehensive studies of OECD countries based on the already developed methodology with the separation of a separate component that characterizes the state of comprehensive security and resilience of countries, which will make it possible to propose a new integrated evaluation indicator called – The Global Index of Resilience in conditions of hybrid threats (The Global Index of Resilience in Conditions of Hybrid Threats). It has been proven that Ukraine can be an important subject of the implementation of joint projects in the field of integrated security and stability at the OECD level and form a national ecosystem of Resilience in the conditions of hybrid threats, taking into account the above-mentioned guidelines of European integrated security for the benefit of a comprehensive sphere, which is built by integrating its meaningful components taking into account intersubject interaction.

Coordination Council on the Problem of Forensic Expertise under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine: Composition, Tasks, Authorities, Rights

Natalia Martynenko — 2024-06-27

In order to improve and establish uniformity in the scientific and methodological provision of forensic examinations, significant changes have been proposed to the Regulations on the Coordination Council on Forensic Examination Problems under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine regarding the composition of the Coordination Council, expansion of its powers, definition of tasks and rights.
Differences in the terminology of the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” and the Regulations on the Coordinating Council on Forensic Expertise Issues under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine are noted.
Attention was drawn to the limitation of the right of judicial experts, who are not employees of state specialized institutions and members of public organizations of judicial experts, to be elected to the Coordinating Council, which can be solved by introducing representation from the self-governing body of judicial experts. The need to adopt a law that will take into account the issue of self-governance of judicial experts is noted.
It is noted that the Regulations on the Coordinating Council on Forensic Expertise Issues under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine do not specify the powers of the chairman, executive secretary and members of the Coordinating Council. Lists of powers of the chairman, executive secretary and members of the Coordination Council are proposed.
It is pointed out the need to take into account the fact that the gender dimension should become an integral part of the process of development, implementation, monitoring, evaluation of policies and activities in the field of forensic expert activity when forming the composition of the Coordination Council and in its activities.
The powers of the Coordination Council have been analyzed. It is pointed out that the list of powers of the Coordinating Council does not mention the coordination of standardization in the field of forensic expertise. It is proposed to supplement the powers of the Coordination Council with the following: analysis of the state of affairs and the causes of problems in the process of implementing state policy in the field of forensic expert activity; development of proposals for determining general approaches to scientific and methodological support of forensic expert activity, professional training and specialization of experts; development of scientifically based standards of expert methods for all classes (types) of forensic examinations, etc.
The need to plan the work of the Coordinating Council is indicated – defining the period for which the plan is drawn up; grounds; order of drawing up, consideration at meetings, approval of the plan.
It is proposed to enshrine in the Regulations on the Coordinating Council on Forensic Expertise Issues under the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine the obligation to implement the decisions of the Coordinating Council, made within its competence, by the interested bodies represented in it.

Features of Mechanisms of Socialization and Resocialization of Minors from the Point of View of Increasing their Efficiency

Kateryna Dubovyk — 2024-06-27

In order to improve the mechanisms of socialization and resocialization of minors and to establish control over such negative phenomena in the economic, social and spiritual spheres as social maladaptation, decline of spirituality, devaluation of moral values, which significantly affect the content and nature of social relations, significant changes are proposed to the Regulations on Services in the affairs of minors and special institutions for them, expansion of their powers, definition of tasks and rights.
It is noted that modern institutions of socialization do not fully satisfy society’s need for the formation of valuable qualities, socially approved behavioral norms, worldview beliefs and life positions in adolescents, which causes the spread of offenses by minors.
Attention is drawn to the fact that in Ukraine there is a lack of a perfect system of resocialization of minors, as a result of which minor offenders remain in the same environment in which they were and were brought up before, social factors put pressure on them, without taking into account what their further education is impossible.
It was noted that for the full-fledged resocialization of offenders, an appropriate state management policy is necessary, which would ensure effective coordination of the activities of services for children, pedagogical and labor teams, family, and the environment. Only on the basis of combining their efforts, establishing a productive interaction, can you count on the success of the education process.
It is indicated that all this requires the introduction of new mechanisms of state management of social policy, coordination of the actions of state administration bodies and local self-government bodies, civil society institutions regarding the resocialization of minors with deviant behavior.
The powers of children’s services were analyzed. It is pointed out that the list of powers does not mention anything about the coordination of children’s services with the centers of social services for family and youth. It is proposed to supplement the powers of children’s affairs services with the following: analysis of the state of affairs and the causes of deviant behavior among minors in the process of implementing state policy in the field of children’s rights protection; developing proposals for defining general approaches to scientific and methodological support
The powers of children’s services were analyzed. It is pointed out that the list of powers does not mention anything about the coordination of children’s services with the centers of social services for family and youth.
It is proposed to supplement the powers of children’s affairs services with the following: analysis of the state of affairs and the causes of deviant behavior among minors in the process of implementing state policy in the field of children’s rights protection; developing proposals for defining general approaches to scientific and methodological support.

Mechanisms of Public Management of the Development of the Road Industry Abroad

Anatoliy Tymokha — 2024-06-27

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of public management of road infrastructure development in Germany, the USA, China and Brazil. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to modernize and expand the road network in Ukraine, increase its safety and efficiency. The article analyzes the current state of research in the field of road management and public management of its development, reveals insufficient attention to the issues of adapting foreign experience to Ukrainian realities, in particular, regarding the peculiarities of legislation, institutional capacity and potential risks associated with the implementation of public-private partnerships and concessions
The purpose of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of public management of road infrastructure development in selected countries in order to identify effective practices that can be adapted and implemented in Ukraine.
The main material of the article reveals various aspects of public management of road development in the studied countries: organizational and legal mechanisms (degree of centralization and decentralization, legislative framework, technical regulations), financial instruments (budget funds, road funds, PPPs, concessions), strategic planning ( long-term development plans, priority investment directions), project management, quality and safety assurance (high standards, quality control, inspections), as well as stakeholder involvement (public hearings, consultations, surveys).
The results of the study allow us to conclude that the choice of specific tools and approaches to public management of road development depends on many factors, including the level of economic development, political system, institutional capacity and geographical features of the country. However, the experience of other countries can provide valuable lessons for Ukraine, contributing to the development of an effective and balanced policy in the field of road management.

Digitalization of Regional Economy as a Public Administration Approach in Stimulating Socio-Economic Development Regional of Ukraine

Mykola Kovalenko — 2024-06-27

The relevance of this study is determined by the need to form effective regional policy capable of ensuring balanced socio-economic development of the regions of Ukraine based on innovative-investment reproduction in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, increasing competition between territories, political instability, and social tension, as well as growing external and internal economic, social, military, environmental, and other threats and challenges.
A primary factor in the substantive content of public administration of regional development is the change in the goal-setting of territorial development and the principles of distributing economic resources among regions.
State regional policy of Ukraine should be aimed at improving the quality of life of the population, careful use of all regional resources, improving the structure of material production, and environmental improvement, stimulating innovation, and implementing new technologies. This system of guidelines implies the activation of the process of digitalization of the regional economy, which is based on the use of advanced innovative technologies permeating all stages of business processes, achievements of traditional science-intensive and intellectual sectors, as well as the modern experience of regional companies actively implementing innovative products and services. The transition of primary and supporting business processes to the digital space, training personnel in digital skills for working in the Internet information and telecommunication network, and shifting the labor process from material-technical factors to human ones are initial conditions for the successful digital transformation of the regional economy.
For Ukraine, there is an increasing need to develop the national economy by creating state enterprises that will effectively operate in both domestic and external markets. Such economic entities should become “locomotives” and “growth points” of the national economy, generating impulses and creating a multiplier effect to increase the economic activity of the private sector, development of high-tech industries, innovations, and more. This approach is closely linked to the state regional policy aimed at balanced regional development, particularly through supporting key enterprises that can become the foundation for economic growth in the regions. An important aspect of this policy is ensuring equal opportunities for regional development and reducing disparities between them.
The processes of digital transformation open up new opportunities for the development of both state and private enterprises, which can contribute to the activation of economic activity in the regions. In particular, digitalization allows for the optimization of management processes, easier access to markets and resources, as well as fostering innovation. Priority areas for regulating digital transformation of the regional economy by the state should include ensuring consumer rights, organizing a set of cybersecurity measures, and promoting online trade. These areas play a key role in developing business opportunities for representatives of the regional business community and protecting public interests, acting as multipliers to enhance economic activity and investment appeal of the regions.
The use of digital platforms can provide numerous advantages, including: stimulating innovation adoption, increasing productivity, creating new consumer values, expanding market opportunities, reducing transaction costs, improving communication, and enhancing overall well-being and quality of life. At the regional level, this can contribute to optimizing resource management, developing local economies, enhancing regional competitiveness, and ensuring more effective implementation of state programs and initiatives.
It is shown that the application of a digital ecosystem is of particular importance for public administration, as it allows for the creation of various incentives to support socio-economic development of the region. To attract participants to the digital ecosystem, appropriate incentives need to be developed. Such participation can not only contribute to financial results growth but also strengthen competitive advantages, enhance brand positions and organizational reputation, and improve resilience, productivity, and effectiveness, providing other non-financial benefits. Interaction with various digital platforms expands the boundaries of enterprises and operations of organizations, encouraging them to seek and utilize new opportunities beyond traditional areas of activity. This forms a new level of creating and providing value to consumers and improves the efficiency of local self-government bodies.
Consumer participation in the regional digital ecosystem allows not only saving money and time on acquiring necessary goods and services without intermediaries but also gaining new knowledge and competencies, enhancing status and self-esteem. It also contributes to a sense of social significance and belonging to the global network of interactions between people, organizations, and public authorities.
Measures for organizing the conversion of digital business platforms into a unified regional digital ecosystem have been developed.
The experience of China regarding the development of regional digital ecosystems is extremely valuable for Ukraine, as it illustrates effective strategies for integrating innovations and technologies aimed at increasing the resilience and competitiveness of regions. It also highlights the need for systemic reforms in organizing the economic system and state economic regulation. Such reforms are key to ensuring socio-economic development and for the successful adaptation and development of digital initiatives in Ukrainian regions.

Legal Basis for Ensuring Economic Security in the People’s Republic of China

Pan Li — 2024-06-27

This study is aimed at analyzing the economic security management system in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The purpose of the publication is to determine the evolution of the legal framework for the formation of China’s economic security system, as well as scientific efforts in this area. The author reveals the key approaches of Chinese scholars to understanding economic security, and reflects the disclosure of various aspects of national and economic security in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and numerous legal acts.
The methodology of the article is based on the use of the methods of analysis and synthesis, retrospective analysis, modeling, legal analysis, induction and deduction.
The scientific novelty of the article is to substantiate the criteria for studying the paradigm shift in ensuring economic security as part of China’s national security and, on this basis, to identify four stages of development of the institutional framework for ensuring economic security in the Chinese State.
The paper analyzes in detail the concepts and ideas of achieving economic security that have developed in the scientific community of China. The author examines the trends in changes in state policy on national security and the development of social relations in the context of the growing importance of economic security. The authors also study the overall system of economic security, analyze its components and mechanisms of interaction between them. The authors emphasize the transition from the traditional concept of national security, which is mainly based on the military sphere, to a new paradigm with an emphasis on ensuring the economic stability of the country. The author presents the system of Chinese legal acts regulating activities related to national economic security. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of comparing the results of this study with other similar studies in order to develop clearer guidelines for theoretical research and practical activities in the field of national economic security. From the methodological point of view, the article uses a dialectical approach that combines theoretical research methods from various sciences (history, legal analysis) to ensure the depth and breadth of the analysis. The study concludes that strengthening administrative and legal support for economic security will help strengthen China’s position both domestically and internationally. For Ukraine, the approach adopted by the Chinese government will help clarify some theoretical concepts and aspects of economic security practices, providing guidance for the public administration in addressing common problems related to national security.

Rethinking European immigration waves and conclusions for the modernization and corporatization of Ukrainian large state-owned enterprises

Viktor Kosenko — 2024-06-27

The paper is dedicated to rethinking European immigration waves and drawing conclusions for the modernization and corporatization of large state-owned enterprises in Ukraine. This is significant for developing effective strategies for integrating migrants, enhancing management transparency, and ensuring sustainable economic development in Ukraine, as well as for implementing European practices and developing new digitalized Ukrainian practices of transparency and accountability in managing state-owned enterprises. The article begins with a review of the European experience of two immigration waves over the past 30 years, which created “immigration shocks” and contributed to a sharp increase in public attention to immigration issues, as well as structuring political competition on both the supply and demand sides of democratic representation. Based on this, the author’s vision is proposed on how this European experience can be applied to the not very popular among scholars and politicians in Ukraine and the EU, but economically significant for Ukraine, theme of promoting broad modernization of Ukrainian society and, in particular, supporting the corporatization of large state-owned enterprises, such as JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”. The conclusion is made that state-owned corporations in Ukraine, facing a shortage of labor due to war and migration, can adapt the EU’s experience in managing migration to solve their staffing problems: a) develop targeted programs to attract qualified personnel from abroad, including the Ukrainian diaspora; b) create attractive working conditions and social packages to retain existing employees and attract new ones; c) invest in training and qualification improvement programs for local employees; d) implement more automation and digitalization processes to reduce dependence on manual labor; e) cooperate with the government to develop special visa programs for attracting foreign specialists in critically important sectors.

The Modern Essence and Composition of the Mechanism of Public Regulation of the Corporatization of Large State-Owned Enterprises in the Transport Infrastructure Sector

Serhiy Gromov — 2024-06-27

The paper aims to clarify the contemporary essence and component structure of the public regulation mechanism for the corporatization of large state-owned enterprises in Ukraine’s transport infrastructure sector.
The author draws an important conclusion that the transformation of the public management mechanism for the corporatization of large state-owned enterprises in Ukraine under the influence of digital technologies is an inevitable process that corresponds to global trends in the development of the public sector and the demands of modern society. This evolution aims to optimize the management of public values and promote a collaborative approach to decision-making. A key aspect of this transformation is the integration of big data and artificial intelligence technologies into the processes of analysis and forecasting of state-owned enterprises’ activities. This will enable the creation of more accurate and objective models for assessing the effectiveness of their functioning and predicting potential risks and opportunities. Thus, the corporatization process will become more transparent and substantiated, which will increase public trust in state institutions.
The implementation of value-based management based on public value management and collaborative governance in the activities and public management of large state-owned enterprises in the transport sector (e.g., JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia” and SE “AMPU”) will signify a substantial transformation of approaches to the functioning of this strategically important enterprise. This paradigm shift goes far beyond traditional corporate governance and linear management, creating a new model of interaction between the state, the enterprise, and society.

Obligation procedures of participatory democracy in the administrative centers of the districts of eastern Ukraine

Oleg Konotoptsev — 2024-06-27

The article highlights the results of assessing the degree of prevalence of participatory democracy tools in the territorial communities of eastern Ukraine, the obligation of which is determined by the legislation of Ukraine on local self-government. The article substantiates the choice of assessment objects and outlines the assessment methodology. During the assessment, the availability of procedures for holding general meetings of citizens at the place of residence, submission of local initiatives, organization of public hearings and appeals through electronic petitions was checked in territorial communities. The object of evaluation was the local self-government bodies of territorial communities, which became district centers after the territorial reform of 2020. 13 city councils in three Eastern Ukrainian regions of Ukraine – in Poltava, Sumy and Kharkiv regions – became such. During the evaluation, a high level of prevalence of mandatory tools of participatory democracy in the east of Ukraine was revealed. However, no tool has been implemented in all communities, which are the district centers of eastern Ukraine. But most of the tools are implemented in most communities. At the same time, electronic petitions and public hearings are the most fully implemented. In general, the assessment allows us to state that modern technologies of public management are quite widespread and are not something foreign and unfamiliar in territorial communities, which are the district centers of eastern Ukraine. Almost all mandatory instruments of participatory democracy have been implemented in almost all evaluated territorial communities. Therefore, there are sufficient grounds to assert that the territorial communities in the east of Ukraine (at least in the district centers) are ready for the expansion of the mandatory range of tools of participatory democracy, which will come in connection with the entry into force of the law on people’s power at the level of local self-government.

Application of Profiling in Security Systems of Critical Infrastructure Objects

Sergiy Lukin — 2024-06-27

The article offers the author’s vision of the possibility and effectiveness of applying modern scientific methods in systems for ensuring the safety of important objects of various forms of ownership, including objects of critical infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to continue the study of profiling mechanisms in the field of identifying threats to state security. This field is especially critical in the context of global geopolitical changes that become prerequisites for increasing military, criminal, terrorist and other threats. The author also considers the concept of safety as a state and process and highlights the actual need for finding and developing effective practical methods to achieve such a state. Profiling as a method for predicting the behavior of the anthropogenic type of threats to the offender and related events is an essential practical tool in the arsenal of the ultimate executor — the security officer. The article examines the theoretical and practical basis of implementation in practical processes of ensuring the security of an object of critical infrastructure in conditions of increased military risks. The author considers ways of integrating profiling with other technologies for ensuring physical security, including modern video surveillance systems, access control and management, artificial intelligence and others. It is shown that effective provision of physical security requires not only modern equipment of security systems and high qualification of end performers — employees able to respond quickly to threats. But also the creation of a certain environment in which the use of such equipment and employees will have the most productive level, while attracting the minimum necessary resources. On the basis of the conducted studies, it is concluded that it is necessary to develop a unified methodology and standards and protocols for the use of profiling in the construction of physical security systems for critical infrastructure facilities. This will increase the efficiency of detection and prevention of threats, minimize the level of risks to the civilian population, and ensure the stable functioning of critical facilities. Even in conditions of military instability, rational use of resources, forces, and means. Prospects for further research in the field of profiling and its integration with promising technologies aimed at improving the level of state security are considered.

Regulatory and Legal Ways to Resolve Existing Conflicts in the Field of Cyber Security in the Context of the Creation of Cyber Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Yevhen Zhyvylo — 2024-06-27

The current proliferation and commercialization of cyber attack tools has changed the balance of power in cyberspace and allowed a wide range of actors to use cyber tools for geopolitical influence and economic gain. The applicable tools, which can be freely used, provide unprecedented opportunities for espionage, fraud and hacking, the use of which is aimed at financial gain, disruption of the sustainable functioning of critical infrastructure facilities and various forms of ownership of electronic communication systems and networks.
The dynamics of the current situation regarding the ability to buy ready-made hardware and software solutions and create individual cyber tools continues to “challenge” national security, the commercial sector and the civilian population.
By increasing the ability to acquire cyber tools on a commercial basis, both state and non-state actors can quickly move from new threats to existing ones, so this leap is seen as a key factor in the cyber defense landscape. In the future, this can lead to a high level of geopolitical instability in conflicts that will be more difficult to predict than traditional military changes in the balance of power.Under these conditions, an important task for Ukraine is to create conditions for protecting sovereignty and ensuring the defense capability of the state in cyberspace by supporting the capabilities of the defense forces to carry out active cyber protection of its own information infrastructure and preparing the state to repel military aggression in cyberspace both in peacetime and in a state of war (a special period ).
In view of the above, this paper analyzes the current regulatory legal acts of the state regarding the implementation of relevant tasks by cyber security entities within the framework of state cyber defense and national cyber defense measures with the aim of delimiting powers, establishing responsibility for specific areas of activity and implementing priority tasks in this field.