Social and Historical factors of Feminization of Poverty in Nigeria

Abstract

The higher susceptibility of women to poverty (feminisation of poverty) is one social process that has existed from time immemorial. Examination into its historical background to understand its causes and possible solutions cannot be over flogged due to the fact that women constitute about half of the Nigerian population and contribute greatly to national development as such, so any problem that affects them, threatens national growth; hence deserves attention which should help in minimising or eradicating it. This paper x-rays the historical epochs of Nigeria with the aim of understanding why the social problem of feminisation of poverty not only exists but also persists despite social policies and laws to discourage it. Women through the three eras of pre colonialism; colonialism and post colonial discussed in this paper faced different types of social exclusion and discriminations some of these inequalities are in the areas of participation in decision making; education; exclusion from economic activities; inheritance and so on. The empowerment they enjoyed and feats they achieved in the pre-colonial Nigeria were distorted by colonialism which fostered gender oppression; complemented by cultural and religious practices that all disempowered women from participating in socio-economic and decision making activities even in the present day. The post colonial Nigeria has however alleviated these inequalities to some extent through social policies and constitutional laws which are against any form of discrimination against any person based on gender. It is against this backdrop that this paper digs into the historical factors which have initiated and perpetuated feminisation of poverty in Nigeria today. The paper concludes that only by ensuring equality in practice and not only by laws, can the struggles of the Nigerian women yield the same fruits as those of men. It recommended among others the abolition of all obnoxious practices against women and their inclusion in inheritance.