TOURIST-RECREATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES OF THE ROKYTNE D ISTRICT OF THE RIVNE REGION

Zoya Karpiuk PhD (Geography), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Physical Geography e-mail: karpyuk.zk@ukr.net , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-3129  Yurii Khmeliovskyi Teacher of Geography, Rokytne NPK «School I-III deg re s – lyceum» October str., 8, Rokitne, Rokitnovsky district, Riv ne region, 34208, Ukraine e-mail: uzefin@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-7248  Mykola Pavlushenko Teacher of Geography, Kupel Secondary School No. 1 Tarasenko str., 1, Kupel, Rokitnovsky district, Riv ne region, 34223, Ukraine e-mail: mikola.pavlushenko@gmail.com , ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-7517  Roman Kacharovskyi 1

The problem in general and its connection with important scientific or practical tasks. The imbalance between the costs of psycho-physiological forces that are closely related to their livelihoods and their restoration, as well as the deterioration of the environment, the growth of production concentration and the rate of urbanization, lead to an increase in morbidity and decrease of the average life expectancy. In such conditions increases the role of non-market benefits, for instance vacation and rehabilitation, tourism and recreation. The restoration of the psycho-physiological state is a rather complex and long-lasting process, requiring specific forms and methods, especially active with usage of natural conditions and resources. The quality of the organization of recreational time, which is necessary for a simple and expanded reproduction of physical and moral forces and human health, directly depends on the opportunities available for it. The essential help is the informatization through the use of modern electronic technologies, guides and cartographic materials -one of the most visible and effective forms of presentation and generalization of information. To create this informative capacity resource, the tourist-recreational possibilities of the territory are analyzed in detail: natural, anthropogenic, historical and cultural resources, socio-economical preconditions of development; the laws of spatial differentiation of resource provision are taken into account, the needs of real and potential development of the sphere are analyzed. This is especially important in the context of decentralization processes, transformation of powers to local self-government bodies, which involves the effective use of local potential, the adoption of optimal management decisions, including the local authorities of tourism and recreation, which are impossible without a qualitative inventory of available resources, objective estimation of real possibilities.
An analysis of recent researches and publications in which the solution to this problem was initiated and based on the author opinion. The first version of the «Tourist map of Rivne oblast» (M 1: 1 000 000) with a short list of tourist routes and an explanatory text to the map is contained in the «Atlas of the Rivne oblast», which was published in 1985 [3]. Modern tourist maps of Rivne oblast with illustrations of the most interesting sights, objects of natural reserve fund of national and local significance, resorts, sanatoriums and boarding houses, etc. are listed in the editions of the NNVZ «Kartografiya»: «Meet Ukraine» (2008) [1, p. 90-91], «Travel Necklace of Ukraine» (2010) [13, p. 102-103]. Some articles about the architectural rarities of some of the settlements of the region, illustrated with modern photographs and ancient engravings and watercolors, are in the guidebooks, particular in the «Ukraine: the West» (2009) [8, p. 26-45, 211-212, 218], «Ukraine: fortresses, castles, palaces» (2010) [9, p. 197-210, 464-468] and other publications.
A number of scientific articles have been published. The issue of the necessity of the publication, which will cover the synthesized information on natural and historical-architectural objects, infrastructure, tourist routes of the region, is devoted to the article by F.V. Zuzuk, Z.K. Karpiuk, O.V. Antypiuk [7]. Research in the direc-tion of creation of information and cartographic projects that allow to generalize and polarize the multifaceted history of the development of material and spiritual culture of the region, analyze the state of the tourist infrastructure, transport accessibility, recreational possibilities of nature reserves for stimulation of tourist and recreational activities and regional development were carried out by Z.K. Karpiuk, R.E. Kacharovskyi, O.V. Antypiuk [4; 10; 11; 17]. L.T. Sulik, D.A. Krychevska [18], who analyzed the peculiarities of their placement and outlined the prospects of network expansion, were engaged in the typification of eco-tides and eco-routes of the Volyn Polissia physical and geographical area in order to optimize ecotourism activities in the region.
Allotment of previously unsettled parts of the general problem to which this article is devoted. Information about Rokytne district in the abovementioned editions is either sparse or absent. Complex researches on the study of the spatial differentiation of tourist and recreational resources of the Rokytniv district are held for the first time. Information and cartographic project «Tourist card of Rokytne district of Rivne oblast» [19] was developed by students of geography of general educational institutions of Rokytne district Yu. Khmeliovskyi and M. Pavlushenko, published in the formats A2, A0. The basis for research was the relevant developments in the Volyn oblast [2; 4; 7; 10; 11; 17; 18].
Formulation purposes of article. The results of scientific research are used to promote the tourist and recreational potential of the Rokytne district of Rivne oblast, which will ensure the regulation and coordination of activities at the regional and local levels in order to attract more potential consumers, and in the long run, the prospect of strengthening the financial capacity of the district. In practice of the territorial organization and planning of tourist and recreational the most important becomes the question of studying the types and forms of tourism that are most appropriate to develop in this district, taking into account the available resource base. These are the recreational tourism for rest; culturalcognitive to meet the needs in the knowledge of customs, life and other components of the culture of the inhabitants of the district; ecological and amateur, related to the need to stay in ecologically clean places, fishing, gathering mushrooms and berries; pilgrimage, religious with the purpose of searching in spiritual centers, places of removal from the worldly vanity, rest and prayer, healing of the soul and body; and sentimental -trips for the purpose of visiting left behind for certain reasons, but not forgotten family places, relatives or acquaintances. To write an article and develop a tourist map of Rokytne district there were used special materials of structural subdivisions of regional and district state administrations specializing in the formation of regional policy in the field of tourism, recreation, culture and transport; literary, scientific, statistical and cartographic sources; personal discoveries of creators; there were also materials developed by using CoralDRAW X7 (64-Bit), Adobe Photoshop CS5.
Presentation of the main materials with full jus-tification of the received scientific results. The territory of Rokytne district with an area of 2356.0 km 2 , extending from the north to the south for 130.0 km, lies in the boundary between the two rivers of L'vy and Stvyga at the most waterlogged northeastern part of Rivne oblast within the flat-wavy accumulative plain -the Poliska lowlands, in the present-day topography of which the main role play sandy anthropogenic deferrals. Climat conditions are moderately continental with mild winters with frequent thaws and warm damp summer. The average temperature in January is -5 ° С, and in July is +18° С, the average annual precipitation is 600-650 mm. The positive balance of humidity contributes to the presence of the densely hydrological network with wide waterlogged river valleys and the predominance of turf podzolic and marsh soils. Forest coniferous-broadleaf arrays, meadows, swamps and wetlands occupy vast areas -about 50% [12; 16]. In the 39 rural settlements and two urban-type settlements Rokytne and Tomashgorod live 55 thousand inhabitants. The establishment of the Rokytne district center (7,600 inhabitants) is connected with the building of the glass department on the bank of Buniv River in 1888, which suddenly turned into a glass factory. The settlement began to form around the company, through which in 1902 was laying the railway line Kyiv-Kovel. The district's area is still insufficiently explored today. Complex natural and geographical conditions significantly complicated the development of the region due to forestedness and bogging, which contributed to the original «conservation» of the ancient traditions of the cultural heritage of the northern Polissya. Even the hypotheses of the origin of the hydronyms of L'va and Stvyga testify about this: in the Baltic-Finnish linguistic group there is the Finnish word «liiva» -«porridge mass», «mud», Karelian «liva» -«repellent», «twan»; there is a guess that Stvyga hides in its name the notion of «flowing river», that is the bog.
We can find mentions about the inter-rivers of L'va and Stvyga in scientific researches of the Polish ethnographer and folklorist Oscar Kolberg; archaeological investigations by Gottfrid Ossowskiy; in «Historical and statistical description of churches and parishes of Volyn Diocese» by public figure, historian-ethnographer Mykola Teodorovych; Ukrainian geologist and geographer Pavlo Tutkovskyi [20]; Polish geographer, ethnographer, ethnologist, popularist of tourism Metchyslav Orlovych; Polish professor, botanist, who developed the classification of peat in Europe, Stanislav Tolpa; famous researcher of Volyn, historian, ethnographer, archaeologist, ethnographer Olexander Zynkalovskyi [23]. Modern regional studies of the spiritual and material culture of the region are included in the series of editions «Ethnocultural heritage of Rivne Polissya» [6].
The attractiveness of the territory for the successful tourism and recreational activities dynamically changes and depends on many factors, first of all, on the availability of resources: natural, historical and cultural, socio-economical, material and technical support, infrastructure, ease of geographical location, transport accessibility, favorable ecological situation, quantitative and high-quality information on its attractiveness. The more territory is saturated with the components of tourist and recreational resources, the more varied is range of organization of different types of tourism and recreation [14].
The natural tourist and recreational resources of Rokytne district include: mild moderately continental climate, dense river network, purity of lakes, phytochemical properties of the territory, colorful landscape diversity, and centers of the best preserved nature. In recreational terms, the most interesting, according to the authors of the map, are landscape tracts: «Kamianyi Brid», «Kyt» on the River L'va, «Kosyh», «Smoliarnia» on Stvyz, slope of the boulder type «Gorby» near the village Staryky; reservoirs with adjoining territorieslakes Bile, Bilske, Tukhove, Chorne; reservoirs -Osnytske and «Kobyla» ( fig. 1). The main feature of the tract «Kamianyi Brid» -one of the most picturesque places in the upper reaches of the L'va River is the outcropping on the banks of the river high reddish, medium-grained granite rocks -the ancient foundation of the Ukrainian crystalline shield and the accumulation of boulders -the remains of the glacial era. The attention attracts the color of water in the river which is reddish due to high content of iron from the second half of the XVIII century in the upper reaches of the river were treated deposits of swamp iron ore -brown iron ore [22]. In the tract in the thick hornbeam forest on the shore of the L'va grows Azalea pontica -relict rhododendron yellow Rhododendron luteum («tree-rose») -a flowering shrub of the family of heather Ericaceae. Typical picture of the tract includes overgrown trees that block the river bed, beaver (Castor fiber) houses and dams. Many Astacus leptodactylus, Triturus cristatus and T. vulgaris. In the river waters, the usual species are Esox lucius, Perca fluviatilis, Rutilus rutilus, Tinca tinca and others. Interestingly in the recreational sense is the tract «Kut», which lies to the north from village Osnyzk, where the river Buniv falls into L'va. Diverse meadows and oak groves from Quercus robur with a plum of Pinus sylvestris are rich with berries and mushroom places that are ideal for «quiet hunting».
Near the state border on the half way between the villages of Glyne and Poznan, are located the tracts of «Kosyh» and «Smoliarnia» -areas of untouched nature, where the river Stvyga is divided into numerous sleeves. Here, among the steep shores, sandy hills, lakes, and ageold oaks, you can feel the delimitation of time. In the tract there are trees of Juniperus sabina with 4-6-meter height, which naturally grows in the Carpathians and Crimea. An interesting place of Rokytne area for connoisseur of pure nature and ancient history is the place lying north from village Blazhove, where the river Tryzna falls in the Stvyga River (ength 23.0 km) which takes place from the swamp Igorovyi Brid. According to local legends, and toponymic names are relevant, here Prince Igor could been killed and buried. The chronicles testify claimed that Princess Olga went with the purpose of revenge for her husband with her army against the Drevlians to make mementos on Prince Igor's grave.
Scenic, attractive for tourists and recreation are the shores of lake Tuhove, about the depths of which tell the local legends for over a century. Professor P.A. Tutkovskyi wrote at the beginning of the XX century: «Surrounded by dense thickets of reeds and sedges, rapidly overgrown lake Tuhove has the size of 0.60 to 0.25 miles, and also, according to a local residents, has a very considerable depth -30 yards or 64 yards ...» [20].  [19] But the following studies of the bottom of the lake denied these facts, provided data about 25 and 15-meter depth. Due to reclamation, the flow of the lake has declined, Tuhove quickly becomes muddy and loses its depth. On the eastern shore of lake grow old oaks, on the highest sand dunes at the opposite coast grows pine forest where live Sus scrofa and Capreolus capreolus. In the coastal area there are many wild ducks and geese. Around the lake there are many healing berries of Vaccinium oxycoccos. The real miracle of Polissia is lake Bilske, located in the centre of village Bilske, with clean and clear water, surrounded by real quagmire of mud, thick moss plexus cranberry, which grows everywhere at the lake. Its depth is about 15.0 m. The uncommonness of Bilske lake is its stable water level: in the spring, when snow melts, and during the autumn rains, and in the summer, when the water dries up in wells and rivers. Interesting from a recreational point of view are hidden in the forest thicket lakes Bile and Chorne near the village Khmil and deep lake Somyty with reddish tint of water, surrounded by impassable marshy woods in the valley of river Stvygy, which is situated on the border with Belarus six kilometers easter of the village Poznan. Lakes attract fishermen, hunters and lovers of «quiet hunting».
A favorite place of rest of local inhabitants and visitors are sandy beaches, pine forests, a recreation center on the coast of Osnytske reservoir with an area of 166.0 hectares, water volume of 3.5 million m 3 , an average depth of 2.5 m (maximum -6.0 m on the river L'va). It is interconnected with a tiny size (the area of the water mirror is only 1.0 hectares, the depth varies within 1.5-2.0 m) lake Chorne, located on the tributary of L'variver Grabivka. The water of the lake is cool even in the summer heat. In the environment of the old forests on the tributary of Stvyga -in river Pererosl in the tract «Kobyla» between the villages Snovydovychy and Zalavia, all hydrotechnical works have been completed for the construction of one of the largest reservoirs in the Rivne region, which in the future will occupy a corresponding place in the recreational economy of the district.
Special role in the development of tourism and recreation belongs to protected objects -the centers of the best preserved in the natural state of Polissia landscapes and its inherent biodiversity. In the region as of January 1, 2018 there are 29 nature reserves, the total area of which is 25% of the reserve fund of the region (table 1). Hard-to-reach protected swamps «Syra Pogonia» and «Perebrody» are one of the largest wetland reserves in Ukraine, in which all types of marshes of the Ukrainian Polissia are showed -Rivne Nature Reserve, formed in 1999. Territories of these arrays at the end of the XIX century were not included in the list of lands that were planned to be drained by the Western expedition, the land reclamation changes have passed this territory both during the Polish and Soviet times, therefore the biocenoses of these swamps are preserved and unique. The array «Syra Pogonia», with a total area of 9 926.0 ha, of which forests occupy 51%, swamps -46.9%, reservoirs -0.1%, other lands -2.0%, lies between the villages Grabun and Bilsk and is a separate tract of Kremine, the largest wetland in Ukraine, located in the basin of the interfluve of L'va and Styga in the valley of Styr-Slovechno. On the border of Rokytne district with the Republic of Belarus is another large swamp array «Perebrody» with preserved original vegetation and zoocenoses. In the deaf areas of old forests, rare species of red-book animals are inhabited, including Ciconia nigra, Bubo bubo, Circaetus gallicus, Circus aeruginosus and others. Well-known beyond the district and oblast is a botanical nature monument «Juzefinska dacha» located near the village Glynne -the remains of the former castle manor of the princes Radziwil, where many old trees were preserved: Pinus strobus -fastgrowing, frost-resistant tree with greenish-gray bark, thin, soft needle of silver shade originated from North America, named in honor of Lord Weymouth, who brought seeds from America and began to breed pine trees in England at the beginning of the eighteenth century; Picea abies, the age of which exceeds 100 years, 400-500-year-old trees of Quercus robur; and the patriarch tree with a high of 20.0 m -the 1355-year-old Juzefinskyi oak. The «Oak of Prince Igor» is also called because of the local legend that it is a witness of campaigns on the Drevliany lands of Igor in 945. In the botanical monument of nature «Urochyshche Netreba» (1975) near the village Borove, under the protection of the state, are rare for Ukrainian Polissyia pure oak plantations, in the undergrowth of which grows Rhododendron luteum.
According to the opinion of author of the charts, in the district there are several interesting tourist and recreational routes (table 2, see fig. 1).

Table 2
Tourist routes of Rokytne district Some scientific and cognitive value have the remnants of the penetration, embankments, and sleepers of former narrow-gauge railways built during the Polish times to ensure a stable transport connection between the Polish siege at the Soviet border used for military purposes. For the actual off-road and seasonal weather conditions, the railroad played a major role in the transportation of wood, granite raw materials, gabbro to the railway station Rokytne, and from it to Poland. On the map (see fig. 1) the former narrow-gauge railways are marked: Rokytne-Karpylivka-Mochulianka (52 km long, constructed approximately in 1923-1925 under the project of local engineer Petro Shchedrin, disassembled in the early 80's of the XX century); Ostky-Snovydovychi-Bilovizh-Smolin (38 km, built in 1933, disassembled in the early 80's of the XX century); Rokytne -tract Kamin-Grud (25 km) [6].
The success of the sphere of renewal of vital forces, cognitive activity depends to a large extent on the material and technical base of the territory, its infrastructure, and transport accessibility. A significant segment in the production infrastructure is the transport system. The territory of Rokytniv district crosses the Warsaw-Lublin-Kovel-Sarny-Kyiv railway line, potential tourists are ready to receive stations Rokytne and Tomashgorod; and an international highway with a total length of 321.3 km M-07 (Kyiv-Kovel-Yagodyn). The length of local roads is 109.8 km. The district center has a railway and automobile connection with Kyiv (245 km), a car -with the regional center of the city of Rivne (135 km). All intra-district highways to settlements have a hard covering, not always of high quality, but with regular passenger traffic. In general, the Rokytne town is gasified, with a centralized water supply and drainage system of the district center of the Polissia outskirts with a satisfactory level of development of communication and communication systems, functioning of various services, development of catering and consumer services, organization of cultural and entertainment services. In the area for recreation there are recreation complexes: «Myslyvets» («Ukrainian Forestry Company«) in village Ostky; «Impulse» (tract «Damba») in the village Osnytsk; «Dim myslyvtsia» (tract «Liado»), tract Stupske, tract «U Buska» of Rokytniv forestry in the village Rokytne; «Myslyvskyi budynok» in village Dert';e tract «Kozatske» in the village Bilovizh. There are two hotels in Rokytne village: «Ljubystok», «Zatyshok». For the needs of the population and visitors are working accommodation and catering facilities, consumer services, shopping facilities, bankservices of vehicle maintenance, filling stations, etc.
Conclusions from this study and prospects for further exploration in this direction. The formation of tourist and recreational demand depends on many factors, resource potential, but to a large extent on the socioeconomic development of the territory and the diversity of consumer information. Creation of the prerequisites for the active development of the tourist and recreational complex of the district requires significant investments: expansion of the boundaries of recreational territories and recreation areas, provision of their respective infrastructure, substantiation and development of new tourist routes, carrying out a complex of measures for the elimination of the consequences of the illegal mining of amber, etc. An important tool for attracting potential tourists and recreation is the design, publication, and continuous updating of high-quality information and promotional materials that will promote the natural and historical and cultural values of the Rokytne area, expand the tourist possibilities of the region. Corresponding cartographic and other publications promote the objects of tourism, villages, cities, in general, tourist and recreational attractiveness of the district and the region. In addition, they will allow local authorities to develop a strategy for the development of tourism in Rokytniv area, will help in rational, targeted use of budget funds to improve the infrastructure of the territories, accelerate the process of attracting investments, international grants.