Psychiatry, Neurology and Medical Psychology

The impact of domestic violence on the mental health and psychosocial functioning of children and adolescents: abroad experience of diagnostics

2024-02-24T15:11:45+00:00

The article presents an overview of the foreign experience of professional monitoring of children exposed to domestic violence, which is characterized by structured approaches and the wide use of short screening tests-questionnaires for all involved parties - children, parents, teachers, nurses, pediatricians, and mental health specialists. For diagnosis, tools recommended by the international community of specialists in the field of mental health protection of children and adolescents are provided. There are ready-made test-batteries for comprehensive routine assessment of treatment progress that assess indicators of mental health and clinical disorders for
adolescents aged 11–18 years and are based on information from adolescents, caregivers and clinicians. They are appropriate for use as screening tools and/or to monitor changes in symptoms over time, assess the outcome of therapy, focus on treatment processes, for example, the therapeutic alliance, treatment expectations.
The review pays special attention to a method that gives a global assessment of the psyche, namely the “Pediatric Symptom Checklist” method by M. Jellinek and M. Murphy and colleagues (PSC and Y-PSC versions), which is successfully used to screen for psychosocial problems children This tool has several significant advantages - it has a wide range of action, namely targeting various symptoms of a child’s psychosocial disorders (and not just one: depression or anxiety, or fears, or dissociation, or behavior disorder, etc.); it is very easy and economical in terms of implementation and administration (it takes only 3-5 minutes to execute and the same to process); it clearly distinguishes children who already need additional attention and help from specialists in psychological and psychiatric profiles, and can be used to assess the dynamics of the condition and the effectiveness of assistance. In addition, it conceptually corresponds to the theoretical model of T. M. Achenbach and reveals a violation of the child’s psyche in both ways - internalization and externalization - as a result of adverse developmental conditions. This tool is quite actively used in modern science and clinical practice, it provides important results during the study of psychological problems of children who have experienced domestic or other types of violence, have post-traumatic stress disorder, and experienced displacement from military conflict zones

Trichological problems at the intersection of dermatology and psychiatry: analysis of opportunities and ways of development

2024-02-24T15:17:13+00:00

In recent decades of significant development in the world, a new perspective direction of integration of psychosomatic medicine and psychiatry/medical psychology, which is focused on the study of interaction between psyche and skin, is psychodermatology. Among topical psychodermatological problems, special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional sphere in different types of alopecia, because, even in the light of socio-cultural features, in most societies, hair is an important component of attractiveness, and its pathology can have serious psychological and even psychiatric.
Analysis of the state of the problem in this field has proved that the presence of alopecia is a powerful factor that has a negative impact on the mental state and quality of life of the patient. The presence of alopecia is associated with high levels of depression and anxiety, as well as with worse social functioning and lower quality of life.
This requires additional research and development of personalized therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for eliminate the negative
psychiatric consequences of alopecia

Cognitive disorders of patients with cerebrovascular disorders who suffered from COVID-19

2024-02-24T15:20:46+00:00

The purpose of the research was to study the features of cognitive functions in COVID-19 patients with chronic cerebrovascular
disorders. It has been discovered, that by all patients, who have recovered from COVID-19, moderate and severe cognitive impairments
were identified. In this group of patients a significant progression of cognitive deficit was noted in compared to the group of patients
without COVID-19. The main forms of disorders in COVID-19 patients with cerebrovascular pathology, were violations of attention and
decreasing of information processing speed, and disorders of short-term working memory, instead long-term memory and recognition
memory suffered much less. Our research demonstrated better sensitivity of the MoCA scale for detecting cognitive impairment in
COVID-19 patients with cerebrovascular pathology. The majority of patients had cognitive impairment within 6 months after recovery from
COVID-19, what indicated the necessity for long-term monitoring and timely treatment of these patients.

Pathophysiological features of the mechanisms of cognitive function and their relationship with the emotional state in medical university students

2024-02-24T15:23:28+00:00

Relevance: cognitive processes play an important role in our lives. Intelligent mechanisms of thought: processing and processing information to make decisions helps us in many areas of everyday life. And in the optimization process, knowledge about cognitive processes helps to thoroughly develop methods for initiating and illuminating programs, allowing them to become more effective and efficient, in the normal pathogenesis of illness, in Puppy memory and creativity and the key to developing psychological well-being: A study of cognitive processes help to improve our understanding of psychological well-being and kindness. It allows us to understand what
factors influence our thoughts, emotions and behavior. By focusing on cognitive processes, it is possible to improve the results of learning, healing and the emotional state of students during the learning process. It appears that advertising and marketing widely rely on the influence of the emotional warehouse with the help of information and mental mechanisms.
Therefore, the infusion of positive emotions into memory can help psychologists and consultants develop more effective strategies for helping people with pathological conditions. Systematization and updating of data due to the influx of positive and negative emotions, sleep deprivation during the memory process. We also took into account the infusion of the emotional spectrum into the memory process among students of the Kharkiv National
Medical University.
Conclusions: Varying the pathophysiological features of the mechanisms of cognitive function and their relationship with the emotional state, the influx of positive and negative emotions on the process of memorizing an important topic, oskol How emotions flow into our memory and other cognitive processes. Following the results of the conducted research among students of the Kharkiv National Medical University, the best results in the remembered students will be noted as information from the city, as there is a wine city, and there is no significant marking, as when trained and students feel positive emotions. This knowledge can be of practical importance in education, psychological practice, advertising, marketing and many other matters
psychological practice, advertising, marketing and many other matters.

An integrated approach to the treatment of acute pain syndrome in military personnel with phantom pain at the hospital stage

2024-02-24T15:13:02+00:00

Resume. Taking into account the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the problem of adequate pain relief for patients with phantom pain has become relevant, especially at the hospital stage. Effective pain relief for such patients improves their quality of life, so it is of significant socio-economic importance.
Objective. To investigate the results of treatment of phantom pain in military personnel at the hospital stage and to develop the basis for a protocol for the treatment of acute phantom pain syndrome in such patients.
Materials and methods. The number of military patients who were treated at the Feofaniya Clinical Hospital and participated in the study is not disclosed, as any military losses are a military secret. The number of subjects with phantom pain was 35.7% of the total number of wounded military patients. The intensity of pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the neuropathic pain scale (thes-lanss pain score) and the phantom pain scale Limb deficiency and phantom limb questionnaire. Depression and anxiety in patients were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), PHQ9. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index (PSQI). Patients were treated according to the local protocol of Feofania Clinical Hospital.
Results. The data of pain intensity scales in military patients with phantom pain before and after treatment at the stage of clinical hospitals showed a decrease in pain intensity in 94 % of patients, improvement in sleep in 92 % of patients and reduction in anxiety and depression in 81 % of patients.

Conclusions. Based on these scales, it can be concluded that it is the combined approach to the treatment of phantom pain in the military at the stage of clinical hospitals that can improve the quality of life of military personnel, and in some cases relieve such patients from acute pain, thereby preventing the development of chronic pain syndrome. The developed protocol for the treatment of phantom pain can be recommended for use in other medical institutions in Ukraine.
Conclusions. cases relieve such patients from acute pain, thereby preventing the development of chronic pain syndrome. Tcan be recommended for use in other medical institutions in Ukraine

Analysis of the psychosocial component continuum of psychological adaptation-disadaptation in patients with a dermatological profile with different levels of vital threat

2024-02-24T15:25:45+00:00

Purpose: to investigate the state of psychosocial functioning as a component of the continuum of psychological adaptation - maladaptation in patients with a dermatological profile with diseases of various levels of vital threat, to develop, in the future, personalized psychocorrection programs for this category of patients. Contingent and research methods. On the basis of informed consent, in compliance with the principles of biomedical ethics
and deontology, we examined 120 dermatological patients who were treated in three branches of the clinic “Dr. Zapolska Clinic” during 2020-2021, namely: 60 patients with non-vital dermatological diseases (seborrheic keratosis L82, condylomas A63.0, angiomas D18.0, pigmentation disorders L80), and 60 patients with dermatological diseases posing a vital threat (melanoma C43, basal cell carcinoma C44,
skin carcinoma D04).
The results. Both by integral indicators and by separate characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation/maladaptation, we found a general trend of the primary importance of the lack of adaptive resources and the secondary – nosospecificity features of dermatological pathology, in the formation of states of psychological maladaptation, which is manifested both in the clinical and psychological plane, and
in the field of psychosocial functioning. These data are also consistent with the results of the study of the quality of life (QoL) of the examinees: the general trend of association between the level of QoL and the presence of signs of psychological maladjustment (PMA) was confirmed both for the integral criteria for the assessment of QoL and for 8 out of 10 evaluation parameters of QoL (levels of physical well-being and work capacity turned out to be
nosospecificity, in contrast to all other parameters). The study confirmed our assumptions regarding the absence of a direct relationship between nosospecificity and vitality of a dermatological disease and the state of psychosocial functioning of an individual, especially in the context of adaptability and its resource base. The obtained results regarding the fact that dermatological patients without clinical signs of psychological maladjustment, regardless
of the nosological affiliation of the main disease, have a sufficient resource of adaptability and use it in the field of social-psychological interaction, are predictable for us, but such that required scientific justification and proof.
The issues of primary/secondary states of the resource base and adaptability at the clinical-psychological and psychosocial levels require further study. We assume that we are talking about the mechanisms of mutual influence of biological predisposition and psychological and psychosocial factors, the mosaic combination of which determines the resource capabilities of the individual regarding the constructive acceptance of the fact of the presence of a dermatological disease and the development of an adequate strategy for its mastery, regardless of the degree of vitality of the disease.
Conclusion. The identified regularities should be considered when developing treatment-rehabilitation and psycho-prophylactic measures in patients with dermatological pathology with different levels of vital threat.
measures in patients with dermatological pathology with different levels of vital threat

Dynamics of the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat participants after combat brain injury

2024-01-06T09:59:17+00:00

Topicality. Participation in hostilities strongly affects all participants and is the cause of various not only neurological, but also mental and psychological disorders. According to official data, fewer servicemen die during hostilities than veterans of the war after its end due to the effects of mental trauma. Post-traumatic stress disorders occupy a significant place in the structure of mental pathology of combatants - delayed long-term reactions to extreme events not associated with organic brain damage are observed over a long period of time and can cause significant changes in personality and behavior. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that traumatize the psyche of combatants during a long stay in a specific state of «combat stress», which has a positive effect during the battle, and after its end, as a rule, negatively.
Materials and methods. Veterans and participants in hostilities in the ATO-OSO- zone were examined and treated on the department of neurological at the base of the Regional hospital for war veterans, Kharkiv from 2014 to 2021. To conduct the study, patients were divided into groups depending on the severity of the disease. received combat wound, representative by age and sex.
Group I - 100 men (25-45 years old) with mild TBI (brain concussion), Group II - 100 men (25-45 years old) with TBI of medium severity (brain contusion combined with acubarotrauma), Group III - 80 men (25-45 years old) with severe TBI (contusion and compression of the brain, formation of intracranial hematomas).
Psychological measures used by hospital psychologists in their work:
1. Individual work: consultations, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, psychocorrection, behavior correction, awareness and assimilation
of new experience, body-oriented therapy (TRE, TTT, Brainspotting, Soma-system, synchronization of cerebral hemispheres, stabilization
of emotional state), art. therapy, psychodiagnostics, post-induction, reframing (correction of attitudes); formation of state control skills,
breathing exercises, formation of self-reflection skills.
2. Group work: group psychotherapy (only with veterans and only in small groups), group body-oriented therapy and group art
therapy.
Conclusions. It can be said that the medical, social and socio-economic consequences of stress factors caused by the unstable sociopolitical situation and the conduct of anti-terrorist operations are spread both to individuals and to the entire population of our country. Veterans and combatants and their entourage (family, friends, work colleagues, etc.) suffer the most from these processes. At the state level, there are a number of regulatory and legal acts that contribute to the social adaptation of these categories of the population and the provision of medical and psychological assistance to them. The organizational structure of institutions and specialists who provide medical and psychological assistance to combatants and members of their families is represented by rehabilitation centers for ATO-OSO participants, full-time psychologists of health care institutions, various volunteer and public organizations; state bodies are additionally
involved in issues of social adaptation of social services
involved in issues of social adaptation of social services