The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series “Philology”
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology
<p>The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series “Philology” is a professional publication in the field of philological sciences (Specialty 035 «Philology»), category B (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine № 409 from 17.03.2020).</p> <p>The Journal contains original articles about topical issues of modern linguistics and study of literature. The journal is meant for scientists, postgraduate and doctoral students, students of philology and for everyone who is interested in philology problems.<br><br></p>en-USphilology@karazin.ua (Чекарева Євгенія Сергіївна)ponomarenko.olesia.oleksiivna@gmail.com (Пономаренко Олеся Олексіївна)Sat, 28 Dec 2024 18:33:34 +0000OJS 3.1.2.4http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss60A Man “Resembling Sancho Panza”: Viktor Petrov's Self-Presentation in Letters to Sofiia Zerova
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24736
<p>The original figure of V. Petrov (1894–1969) is still in the halo of mystery and unsolved. This is due to his remarkable personality and the scarcity of self-representative texts, including letters, available in the public domain.</p> <p>The purpose of the study is to try to identify V. Petrov's ways of self-presentation in letters to S. Zerova and analyse various strategies for forming one's image for the needs of the addressee, the Other (partner in the epistolary dialogue).</p> <p>It has been found that, unlike the epistolary of other writers, these letters do not reflect the historical and literary processes of their time or problems related to artistic creativity. The dominant themes in the correspondence are those of daily life and everyday life. It is through the prism of this topic that the addressee's personality expresses itself, his self-presentation as a man in love who is concerned with the daily troubles of a person dear to him. In his letters, Petrov is caring and persistent, romantic and self-ironic at the same time. For the addresser and addressee, who had not seen each other for months, letters were the only communication channel. The epistolary monologues of the letter writer reflect how he creates the effect of being present in the life of his beloved.</p> <p>It is shown that self-presentation highlights the image of the addresser within the shifting chronotopic framework of the day, revealing their unique character, and emotional state in a given context, and capturing impressions of recent events, facts, or phenomena. Everyday life and longing for his beloved become the basis for imagery and sensuality.</p> <p>It is proved that the "I" image presented by V. Petrov in his letters to S. Zerova reveals the inner world of the writer most deeply and unexpectedly and reflects different ways of conceptualizing himself. One of them is the image of a man who resembles Sancho Panza, hiding his romantic feelings under a purely prosaic shell.</p>Valentyna Borbuniuk
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24736Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Futuristic Visions and Classical Myths: Nonlinear Time as a Device for Reinterpreting Antique Plots in Dan Simmons’ Novel “Ilium”
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24737
<p>Ancient mythology remains an important source of inspiration for contemporary literature, where its plots and images are used to reinterpret universal questions of human existence. In the context of postmodern and metamodern paradigms prioritizing non-linearity, intertextuality, and multi-layered narratives, mythology becomes a tool for examining such fundamental themes as time, space, and fate. The works of Dan Simmons, in particular his Trojan Dylogy, are relevant for study due to the combination of ancient stories with science fiction and the question of the relationship between the past, future and present.</p> <p>The purpose of the article is to study the interpretation of the passage of time in ancient mythology through the prism of postmodern and metamodern approaches that transform mythological concepts of time and space in Dan Simmons' novel Ilium.</p> <p>The research uses a comparative analysis of ancient sources and Simmons' works. An interdisciplinary approach is applied, which includes elements of a philosophical study of the mythos in the Ilium, taking into account cultural, historical and social aspects.</p> <p>In his novels, Dan Simmons creates a unique chronotope where the past, present, and future are intertwined. The Trojan War in his novels takes place in the future under the supervision of the gods of Olympus, while modern people and characters from antiquity interact with each other. A key feature of these novels is the use of the laws of time: non-linear temporal dimensions and the possibility of changing the foreseen future become central themes.</p> <p>The reinterpretation of classical mythology in modern literature, as exemplified by the works of Dan Simmons, demonstrates the meaning-forming role of ancient stories in the study of complex philosophical topics. Simmons successfully integrates mythological elements into science fiction, allowing us to explore the issues of time, space, and human freedom within postmodern and metamodern discourses.</p>Mariia Iliuchenko
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24737Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000The Anthropology of Love by Ingeborg Bachmann (“War Diary” and “The Book of Franza”)
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24738
<p>The article is dedicated to the study of the work of the Austrian writer Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973), which involves the investigation of specific examples of fictional and non-fictional literature using the principles of literary anthropology. In particular, the «War Diary» («Kriegstagebuch», 1944–1945) and the unfinished novel «The Book of Franza» («Das Buch Franza», 1965–1966) are considered comparatively. The purpose of the article is an anthropological analysis of the cultural universality of love, which is based on the author’s own life experience and is artistically reinterpreted in her texts.</p> <p>The role of the British soldier, the Viennese Jewish émigré Jack Hamesh (1920–1987) is emphasized in rereading «The Book of Franza». His image is embodied in the figure of Lord Percival Glyde (Percy), a captain of the English army, with whom the protagonist of Franza’s novel falls in love during the deoccupation of the Carinthia region. I. Bachmann’s notes in the form of a diary and 11 letters from the young man to her demonstrate the feelings of both.</p> <p>The main aspects of the artistic transformation of the writer’s «first» love for J. Hamesh are emphasized, considering the time-space context of the depicted events, which are accompanied by existential challenges for a person (the end of the Second World War). The literary character Percy summarizes the image of the British military, with whom the writer communicated at the time, and the receptive potential of his allusive anthroponym, which hints at the status of the «pseudo-couple». In addition, attention is paid to the idealization of his figure, which indicates the replacement of the real image with the metalogical one with hyperbolization of the characteristic features of the prototype, to enhance the effect in depicting the first romantic relationship of I. Bachmann.</p> <p>The anthropological dimension of love between a man and a woman shows the importance of fictional and non-fictional literature for the artistic rereading of life experience, representing a generalized vision of love by I. Bachmann.</p>Yulia Isapchuk
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24738Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Deconstruction of “The Pilgrim’s Progress” by John Bunyan in Kurt Vonnegut’s “Slaughterhouse-Five, or The Children’s Crusade”
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24739
<p>The US national mythology, one of the components of which is the Puritan cultural heritage, has recently increasingly attracted the attention of researchers of contemporary American literature. The attention often focuses on the problem of the consequences (destructive or beneficial) of postmodern deconstruction regarding the fundamental US myths. The article shows that Kurt Vonnegut in his anti-war postmodernist novel <em>Slaughterhouse-Five</em> manages to create a double code that allows to deconstruct John Bunyan’s important allegorical work <em>The Pilgrim’s Progress</em>, which at one time was an effective means of Protestant religious propaganda, and at the same time to urge readers to return to Christian humanism.</p> <p>The purpose of the article is to study the deconstruction of Bunyan’s work in Vonnegut’s novel through the lens of jeremiad as the Puritan rhetorical form. The author emphasizes that historically the jeremiad was a sermon for the salvation of the souls of the flock, because it lamented the current state of affairs in society, called to come to its senses and embark on the path of correction. Despite the satire and absurdity of the world in <em>Slaughterhouse-Five</em>, it contains the features of the jeremiad: “an Elect” is Billy Pilgrim, Vonnegut’s <em>alter ego</em>, “an exodus” is his service in the US Army during World War II, “an errand into the wilderness” is Billy’s move to Europe and participation in the Battle of the Bulge, then his capture, and the punishment of sinners – the Dresden tragedy. Fortunately, Billy survives, as if he has “a covenant” with God, and then he fulfils his will and brings to the people – whether from God or from the Tralfamadorian aliens – “providential historical thinking”. The paper considers the connection of the concept of time in the novel with the concept of the triple synthesis of time by Gilles Deleuze, the understanding of time in the works of Saint Augustine, and in the Bible. The use of a SF concept of non-linear time allows Vonnegut to reach a new level of understanding the problems of destination, choice, and responsibility. He creates an alternative to the pilgrim’s progress in Bunyan’s novel, since the linearity of the development of civilization and Protestant ethics lead to catastrophes like World War II.</p> <p>The author concludes that, despite all the irony, Vonnegut’s novel is not only humanistic, but also deeply Christian, and develops, but already at a modern level, the educational mission that is characteristic of the US literature.</p>Nataliya Krynytska
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24739Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Ukrainian Social Elite in Pylyp Orlyk’s Lliterary Works
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24740
<p>The principal focus of the article is the determination of the circle of Ukrainian elite representatives and the examination of the means of their image features, that are used by the prominent Ukrainian hetman in exile as well as baroque literator Pylyp Orlyk. His poetry collections "Ruthenian Alcide" and "Sarmatian Hippomenes", in addition to several insignificant eulogies, which were published in the course of the "Mazepian era", united the military, religious and cultural elites around the hetman. Poltava tragedy, which was fatal for Ukraine and personally for Pylyp Orlyk, divided Ukrainian elites into exiled ones and Russian supporters. His life-driving perspective about the current circumstances is described in his letters aimed at Ukrainian elites in Russia and Western Europe. Orlyk`s "Blank diariush" was journaled within the period from 1720 to 1733 and reflects the fluctuations of the author`s mood, the circle of people, that is entrusted with the mission of state foundation by Pylyp Orlyk, along with genre and artistic preferences of his creations.</p> <p>The main objective of this work is to research the means of creating the image of Ukrainian elites, who lived within the period of Pylyp Orlyk`s activity in the context of his social, political, and aesthetic preferences, and is provided by the combination of intertextual, phenomenological, culturally-historical, and descriptively-analytical methods. On the foundation of the executed analysis, the summary stands thus: the research of the phenomenon of Ukrainian elites within the period from the 17th century to the 18th century took place, the circle of people, representing the Ukrainian elite of that period, who became the object of literary interest from Pylyp Orlyk (they are Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Obydovskyi, Stephan Yavorskyi and Danylo Apostol) took place, and the pattern of usage of various artistic means of various baroque registers, which are beneficial for creating the necessary images, was researched.</p> <p>The one thing that can be safely assumed is that in his literary works, Orlyk depicts the image of Ivan Mazepa, Ivan Obydovskyi, Stephan Yavornytskyi, and Danylo Apostol, who were the brightest representatives of the Ukrainian elite of that period. There was an examination of distinct features of the application of literary means of various stylistic registers, that were the basis of the majority of literary images in Orlyk`s work.</p>Larysa Lytvyn
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24740Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Anthology of Ukrainian Poetry “Strings” by Bohdan Lepky as a Text in Contextual Reading
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24742
<p>The anthology of Ukrainian poetry «Strings», compiled by Bohdan Lepky, not only became an important literary phenomenon, a text for reading, but also reflected the aesthetic and cultural aspirations of the era. The relevance of the study is determined by the attention of modern literary studies to the formation of the canon of Ukrainian literature. The anthology as a text is a representative of the "golden fund" of national red literature. It is also timely to identify and analyze the contexts of the creation of this meta-genre.</p> <p>The purpose of the article is to analyze the biographical, historical, literary/literary criticism contexts of the anthology of Ukrainian poetry «Strings» as a meta-genre formation and to reveal the reflection of Bohdan Lepky's literary and cultural priorities.</p> <p>The author of the article represents the anthology as a text that is a means of creating a thematic and genre canon of literature, a document that testifies to the reception and self-understanding of the compiler's literature. B. Lepky's anthology is considered in historical, literary/literary criticism and biographical contexts. The historical context is the consequences of the First World War, which forced many peaceful Ukrainians to emigrate, and those who fought on the fronts as Russian subjects to acquire the status of prisoners of war. Many of them sought to preserve their national identity, they needed educational books, artistic texts, because they wanted to study, learn their native language, and read their literature. Therefore, the publication of such a book was timely.</p> <p>The biographical context is revealed through the study of B. Lepky's place of residence and sphere of activity: 20 years of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, Rastatt, Vetzlar and Berlin. He taught Ukrainian literature in camps for prisoners of war, at teaching courses at the Embassy of the Ukrainian People's Republic and worked in the editorial office of "Ukrainian Word" as a publisher, compiler and commentator of the works of Ukrainian writers. The literary/literary criticism context is the environment in which the book was published: monographs, articles by predecessors, collections of folk songs, existing editions of authors, anthologies.</p> <p>Reading Bohdan Lepky's anthology through historical, biographical, literary/literary criticism contexts allows us to conclude that this book represents the thematic and genre canon of Ukrainian literature in the author's reception and interpretation.</p>Lilia Оvdiichuk
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24742Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000The Theme of Gender-Violence in Zinaida Tulub’s Novel “Man-hunters”
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24744
<p>The article suggest to identify the principal types of descriptions of gender violence and their role in shaping the female characters of the historical novel «Man eaters» by the Ukrainian writer Zinaida Tulub, as well as to trace the influence of social and gender issues on the stylistic structure of the novel.</p> <p>Attention is drawn to the reflection of the theme of violence and its evolution in the history of Ukrainian literature. Attention is focused on the writer’s critical view of women’s fate in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Muscovy of the 17<sup>th</sup> century.</p> <p>The following types of gender-based violence are systematized: rape, murder and abduction of children, human trafficking, everyday violence, religious control over women, etc. The author has recorded the main stylistic means used by Zinaida Tulub when depicting gender violence in the novel (landscapes, symbolic images, similes, etc.).</p> <p>The article offers a comparative analysis of two central female characters in the novel who are victims of these forms of gender violence: the Ukrainian peasant Horpyna Korzh, who finds herself in captivity in a Tatar village, and the Tatar peasant Medzhe, who is kidnapped by Ukrainian Cossacks. The parallel development of these female characters in the novel allows us to draw conclusions about the universality of this violence.</p> <p>An attempt is made to consider Zinaida Tulub’s works in the context of women’s prose in the 19<sup>th</sup> and at the beginning of the 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. Delving into the inner state of female characters experiencing deep emotional catastrophes is one of the characteristics of this prose.</p> <p>The appeal to the facts of the writer’s biography makes it possible to offer a feminist understanding of the work’s issues from the point of view of modern humanities. The article emphasizes the relevance of the study of gender violence in contemporary literary studies.</p>Ganna Pletnyova
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24744Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Imagist Novel’s Poetics: “Bid Me to Live” by H.D.
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24745
<p>During its formative years, Imagism hasn’t left any profound theory as far as the criteria for producing new prose. Since then the problem has been under-studied and calls for more in-depth analysis. The paper aims at examining the paradigmatic features of the Imagist lyric narrative of “poetic novel” (S. Spender) taking H.D.’s “Bid Me to Live. Madrigal”as a model. It is emphasized that it is <em>roman</em><em> à clеf </em>where behind all significant characters are historical prototypes, the main ones of which are Julia Ashton (Hilda Doolittle), Rafe (Richard Aldington) and Rico (D.H. Lawrence). Open form and fragmentation, intertextuality and collaging, “stream of conscience” elements and time shifts et al –– a lot of modernist novel’s features can be found in H.D.’s novel. But unique Imagist poetic techniques for prose are being pointed out in front of the in-famous Modernist prose texts –– V. Woolf’s “Mrs Dalloway” and R. Aldington’s “Death of a Hero”. Narrative’s “vertical structure” (S. Friedman), typical for a lyric novel, focuses on the narrative-transformation of heroine at the moment of her deepest personal crisis both in the life of a woman and an artist against the catastrophic background of the First World War. <strong> </strong><strong> </strong>The novel’s poetics analysis proves that author's narrative strategy lies in searching and finding imagistic correlates of individual images, descriptions and whole scenes-situations. Often, the search process is specifically coming out in order to attract the reader’s attention to it, and the most important images-patterns-situations are repeatedly reiterated. This is the basis of H.D.’s lyric narrative, a kind of Imagist self-madrigal. The poetics of the Imagism prose, adopted from the Imagism poetry, is a search and finding of patterns in their juxtaposition, that interact as coordinating. Throughout the novel, these "patterns" are being transformed into images, reliably providing pictures, emotions, or ideas. The difficult world of Julia opens up exactly via such "patterns", strategically underlined with proleptic and analeptic violations of linear time.</p>Yevheniya Chernokova
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24745Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Translation of Ancient Works During the First Two Years of the Full-scale Russian Invasion of Ukraine
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24753
<p>The article attempts to systematize all Ukrainian-language translations from Latin and Ancient Greek that were published in Ukrainian publishing houses during the first two years of the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine (from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2024). The proposed research allows for an understanding of the current state of the book market, the place of translations of ancient classics within it, and, in the long term, to clarify the impact of the existential war on publishing and cultural processes in Ukraine, to forecast potential problems and challenges that this sector will face, and to outline possible ways to overcome them.</p> <p>The aim of the article is to systematize and record trends in the field of translation from classical languages during the first two years of the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine.</p> <p>The goal of the work determined the solution of a number of specific tasks, the essence and sequence of which are determined by the logic of the research: 1) to find out the state of the publishing market in the first and second year of the full-scale invasion; 2) to analyze the reading tendencies of Ukrainian citizens (number of books read per year, place of purchase of new books, language of reading, most popular genres; 3) to form an idea about the Ukrainian translator of this period (problems of relocation, income, the most popular languages for translation); 4) to systematize the translations from Latin and ancient Greek published in 2022-2024, the publishers who took care of them and the cohort of translators who worked with classical material.</p> <p>The article identifies the most productive translators, collects information about publishing houses that dealt with ancient material during this time, and outlines the problems and trends in the literary and translation field in Ukraine in accordance with the most relevant studies and surveys.</p> <p>In particular, it was found that between 2022 and 2024, publishing houses reissued more old translations (sometimes with changes and additions) than published translations of classical works for the first time. A trend towards a decrease in the number of active publishers of ancient classics (predominantly concentrated in western Ukraine) was also highlighted, along with the maintenance of the same list of active translators from Ancient Greek and Latin (among whom A.O. Sodomora holds a prominent place). The article harmonizes with previous research efforts in the fields of bibliography, translation history, and classical philology, continuing, supplementing, and to some extent clarifying them.</p>Svyatoslav Zubchenko
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24753Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000The Potential of Distance Learning within the Course “History of Linguistic Studies”
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24754
<p>The transformation of the educational space at the beginning of the 21st century involves the further improvement of academic disciplines and students' competencies. The distance learning system (DLS) Moodle provides new opportunities for this.</p> <p>The purpose of the article is the formation of scenarios for using the potential of the DLS Moodle using the example of the distance learning course "History of Linguistic Studies".</p> <p>The realization of the potential of DLS is related to the structuring of educational information, the analysis of tasks and the content of a specific discipline. The purpose of the special course "History of Linguistic Studies" is to acquaint philologists with the evolution of linguistic science. The specificity of the distance course provides for the placement of educational and informational content in several blocks (parts). The main attention is paid to the substantive part, the basic elements of which are "Lecture", "Seminar session", "Main Forum" and "Additional Forum". Lecture information is accompanied by additional sources: presentations, videos, scientific publications, etc. Independent work and ongoing control are organized within seminar classes and forums. Seminar classes take place in classroom and/or correspondence formats. A specific component of DLS are forums, participation in which involves creating an essay on a certain aspect of the topic. In the main forums, several "basic" aspects are brought up for discussion; additional ones relate to issues qualified as optional. The formation of student autonomy involves participation in improving the course under the guidance of a teacher-moderator. This activity includes: creation of presentations, reasoned analysis of presentations of fellow students, discussion of the analysis of presentations and making appropriate corrections. In this way, indirect work takes place with the maximum possible range of topics.</p> <p>The course has potential for improvement in the direction of organizing seminars and forums, as well as monitoring the content used by students. The acquired experience can be used in the creation and improvement of distance courses in other disciplines of the linguistic cycle of higher philological education.</p>Sergiy Lukyanenko
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24754Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Possible Interrelations of the Proto-slavic Concept of “Fool” with Initiation Rites and Magic Fairy Tales
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24755
<p>In a series of publications, the second of which is this article, the author attempts to explore the phenomenon of conceptual memory as a type of collective memory and cultural memory, as well as a way of accumulating significant meanings.</p> <p>The theory of conceptual memory resonates with the linguistic theory of etymological (or cultural) memory of the words, which investigates the connections between the etymological and historical projections of a linguistic unit and its modern semantics. It seems that such connections can be observed between the original and ancient meanings of words and the concepts that they subsequently verbalize, tracing how language and culture preserve universal and unique meanings.</p> <p>To illustrate the theory of conceptual memory, the article demonstrates the interconnections of the hypothetical Proto-Slavic concept of “fool”, reconstructed in a previous work, with the initiation ritual and fairy tales. According to our hypothesis, the ancient concept of “fool” reflects the features of the initiation ritual and denotes the initiate himself. This is evidenced by the overlap of core and peripheral conceptual meanings with key moments of the initiation rite. Over time, the ritual is captured in initiation myths and other cultural texts, such as fairy tales.</p> <p>In new social realities, the tale gradually loses the understanding of its magical meanings of the ritual and presents a simplified and reinterpreted narrative of initiation, in which the concept of “fool” correlates primarily with the corresponding character. The conceptual meanings gradually take the form of a set of traits of the main fairy-tale hero, and the “fairy-tale background,” which reflects the features of the original ritual, ceases to be perceived as related to the concept.</p>Olena Masliy
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24755Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Polysemy of the Temporal Adverb JAM in Latin
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24756
<p>One of the most important types of semantic relations in the lexical and semantic system of languages is polysemy. The study of polysemy in Latin is extremely relevant, as it helps to understand the origin and development of polysemy in European languages that based on it.</p> <p>The phenomenon of polysemy has attracted and paid the attention of scholars for centuries: from theoretical foundations to practical applications. Despite the considerable number of studies devoted to this problem, polysemy in Latin, in particular temporal vocabulary, remains insufficiently studied.</p> <p>The purpose of this article is to find out the polysemy of the adverb JAM as one of the most frequently used words in the temporal vocabulary on the basis of the work “Satyricon” by Gaius Petronius Arbiter, to identify its lexical meaning depending on the tense used in the sentences, and to study its combination with other words.</p> <p>The study showed that JAM is used with all tenses, acquiring different meanings according to the context. With the future tense: <em>now, immediately, soon</em>, expressing the near future; <em>immediately, then</em>, indicating the order of actions. With the present tense: <em>already, at this time, now, just, at the moment</em>, indicating an action that, as opposed to the past or future, is taking place at the moment of speech. With the past tense: <em>already</em>, emphasising the completion of an action in the past or its imminent occurrence; <em>long ago</em> for remoteness in the past tense; <em>already, up to now, until now</em> as a continuation of the past; <em>a little earlier, just now, already</em>, indicating the precedence of the action; <em>no longer</em> with the negation ne, nec, non, emphasising the completion of an action or state.</p> <p>Most often, JAM is used with the past tense (65%), the present tense (23%), and the future tense (12%).</p> <p>Despite numerous studies, polysemy still remains a complex subject for scientific analysis. One of the main problems is determining the criteria for distinguishing between different meanings of a word. In Latin, the use of large corpora of texts is considered promising, which will allow us to obtain statistical data on the distribution and use of different word meanings.</p>Nataliia Panchyshyn
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24756Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000D. M. Ovsianyko-Kulikovsky as an Orthologist: the Cognitive-evolutionary Coverage
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24757
<p>The article is devoted to the cognitive-evolutionary coverage of D. M. Ovsianyko-Kulikovsky's beliefs as an orthologist who expressed his orthological convictions regarding the norms of syntactic agreement of adjectives with homogeneous noun phrases. The scholar categorically denied the possibility of such agreement in the plural, despite the fact that in the eighteenth century such agreement was already quite common in usage as a logical agreement of the plural adjective with more than one noun.</p> <p>The article proves that, defending the illogical agreement of such adjectives in the singular, the scientist demonstrates a superficial perception of such agreement as necessary only with regard to one, closest postpositive noun in the syntagm. The main provisions of the cognitive-evolutionary theory of language are revealed, the essence of which involves the algorithm "perception → logic of thinking → logic of language" and one of the central concepts of which is the concept of superficiality of perception as an orientation to the closest, most noticeable features of phenomena, the categorization of which is often erroneous.</p> <p>Attention is drawn to the fact that the scientist's arguments against the possibility of the considered plural agreement are characterized by emotionality, unscientific nature and disregard for the opposite beliefs of both journalists of his time and famous linguists - both his predecessors and contemporaries ‒ unjustified for the scientific style. It is emphasized that such a position of D. M. Ovsianyko-Kulikovsky is an argument to taste, i.e. one of the two weakest arguments in the theory of argumentation, which in linguistics can be used only to characterize stylistic phenomena, which the agreement under consideration is not.</p> <p>The article concludes that, denying the possibility of such agreement, D. M. Ovsyanyko-Kulikovsky was a very conservative orthologist who, guided by superficial perception, neglected the linguistic facts of usage, journalists and other linguists. Since he had and still has his followers, whose books are still being reprinted, we can speak of the existence of an anti-language-evolutionary conservative party in Russian-language orthology, which can be recognized as quite natural for Russian society as a whole.</p>Sergiy Popov
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24757Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000The Military Vocabulary as a Component of Achilles Tatius’s Idiostyle
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24758
<p>The article attempts to characterize military vocabulary as an integral component of Achilles Tatius’s idiostyle, of an ancient Greek writer of the 2nd century AD, the author of one of the first love novels that have survived to our days in full – "Leucippe and Clitophon".</p> <p>The purpose of the research was the classification, systematization and analysis of features of the vocabulary of the military sphere detected in the text of the novel, which required the use of analytical-descriptive, structural, quantitative methods. In the structure of the lexical idiosystem of Achilles Tatius’s novel the military vocabulary occupies a special place and includes 134 lexemes (706 word usages).</p> <p>The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that, for the first time, a systematic analysis of the vocabulary of military affairs in the work "Leucippe and Clitophon" was carried out in the article; military lexemes-terms were classified according to the lexical-semantic criterion into 10 thematic groups, among which the largest were "Military actions, maneuvering, tactics and strategy", "Military weapons and their use", and "Armed conflict"; the dominant ones among the military vocabulary (ὁ λῃστής, ἡ ναῦς, ὁ στρατηγός, τὸ ξίφος, ὁ πόλεμος, τὸ βέλος, ὁ σίδηρος, ὁ βουκόλος, ὁ στρατιώτης) are differentiated, which are considered as key words; the stylistic and functional role of individual lexical units belonging to the analyzed thematic groups is traced.</p> <p>Among the lexemes of different thematic groups, non-equivalent vocabulary was found (τὸ ζῶμα, ὁ λοχαγός, ὁ λόχος, ὁ ὁπλίτης, ὁ παραστάτης, ὁ πελταστής, ὁ στρατηγός, ὁ βουκόλος, ἡ φάλαγξ), which serves to express military concepts absent in another culture or language, and a series of co-rooted words (the largest – 12 lexical units), which have different lexical meanings and belong to different parts of speech (ὁ στρατηγός, ὁ στρατιώτης, στρατικός, ὁ συστράτηγος, ἡ στρατεία, τό στράτευμα, ἡ στρατιά, τὸ στρατεπον, ὁ στρατος, συστρατεύομαι, στρατοπεδεύομαι, στρατεύομαι). The names of military concepts, objects, phenomena are included in the structure of many artistic figures (epithets, similes, oxymorons, hyperboles, metaphors, paraphrases).</p> <p>Conclusions. Military terms and lexemes, skillfully used by Achilles Tatius, fully fulfill their definite-nominative function and influence the figurative system of the work, thus creating the unique writer’s idiostyle.</p>Inesa Chakal
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24758Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000Micro-field of Verbal Plurality in Latin
https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24759
<p>The presented research deals with one of the components of the functional-semantic field of aspectuality namely the microfield of verbal plurality.</p> <p>Despite the fact that verbal plurality is the subject of numerous studies, it has not been analyzed on the material of the Latin language, which determines the relevance of the study.</p> <p>Within the framework of the aforementioned microfield, the analysis made it possible to single out the semantic zones of iterativity, multiplicativity, and distributivity. The presence of a certain number of similar acts separated by a time interval, the identity of actants and situations are characteristic features of iterativity with its subspecies refactivity, rarity and exaggerativity. Refactivity indicates a single repetition of a situation, realized at the word-forming level with the help of the prefix <em>re</em>- or the single use of the adverbs like <em>rursum</em>, <em>iterum</em>. Rarity and exaggerativity are scalar values, denoting situations whose frequency is lower or higher than expected.</p> <p>Multiplicativity implies the repetition of the same type of situation with the same set of actants in one time interval without intervals between its “quanta”, as a result of which the situation is presented as continuous within the time interval. A type of multiplicativity is habituality to expres habitual situations, which are considered as a characteristic feature of the subject. Usitativity is distinguished as a subtype of habituality to characterize habitual situations existing under certain conditions.</p> <p>Distributivity involves the performance of an action by one of a set of actants and, depending on the sphere of distribution of the situation. Its subspecies are subjective, objective, locative, subversive and cislocative distributivity.</p> <p>The existence of certain semantic differences between iterativity, multiplicativity, and distributivity gives reason to consider them as subfields united within the microfield of verbal plurality by the sign of quantification. All of them are characterized by an identical set of markers, with lexical ones dominating. An extremely important role in the formation of verba plurality belongs to the context, which is decisive in the absence of formal means of expression.</p>Bohdan Cherniukh
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https://periodicals.karazin.ua/philology/article/view/24759Mon, 30 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000