The Semantic Load of the Epithet «Drunk» in the Poetry of T. Shevchenko

Abstract

The article analyses the semantics of the frequently used epithet «drunk» in the poetry of T. Shevchenko, which, according to the «Dictionary of Shevchenko's Language» appears 53 times. It is found that despite the significant number of studies of various types and directions related to Shevchenko’s works, the semantics of this word has not been the subject of separate linguistic analysis. Considering the prominent role of the word «drunk» and its derivatives in Shevchenko's works, as well as the insufficient degree of study of its semantics, it is considered topical to investigate the meaning of this word and its functions in the broader context of Shevchenko's poetry.

The aim of the study is to determine the semantic load of the epithet «drunk» in short and long epic the poems of T. Shevchenko, in comparison with the semantics of this word in lexicographical sources, as well as to clarify its stylistic functions. The analysis was carried out by comparing the dictionary meanings of the word with its semantics in the text of «Kobzar». The studies of O. Potebnya on the nature of artistic language were used, particularly his idea that the semantics of a word should be analyzed not only by its description in the dictionary but also in context.

The actual material is analyzed in three aspects: the use of the word «drunk» in its direct meaning; its metaphorical meaning in metaphorical constructions; and its use in comparative phrases. It is found that the most common usage is in its direct meaning, as recorded in explanatory dictionaries – meaning «intoxicated» or «in a state of drunkenness». In metaphorical constructions, the word acquires various meanings: immoral, reckless, furious, etc. Comparisons involving the component «drunk», where human behavior or the movement of objects is compared to the behavior or movements of a drunken person, are represented to the least extent.