Optical Solitons for the Concatenation Model with Differential Group Delay by Lie Symmetry and Kumar Malik Approach
Abstract
This work examines a generalized concatenation model for birefringent optical fibers and obtains new exact soliton solutions. Using Lie symmetry analysis, the coupled evolution equations are transformed through suitable similarity variables into a manageable system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting reduced system is then treated with the Kumar–Malik method to derive multiple classes of explicit solutions written in Jacobi elliptic, bright soliton, dark soliton, and trigonometric solutions. With appropriate parameter restrictions, these classes simplify to the familiar bright, dark, and periodic soliton waves. To illustrate the physical behavior of the derived structures, representative plots are presented that highlight their propagation features and qualitative stability. Overall, combining symmetry reduction with the Kumar–Malik scheme expands the catalogue of analytical solutions for the concatenation model and deepens understanding of nonlinear pulse dynamics in birefringent media.
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References
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Copyright (c) 2026 Rajveer Singhay, Sachin Kumar, Mohamed E.M. Alngar, Reham M.A. Shohib, Lina S. Calucag, Anjan Biswas
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