Morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations of Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton and P. heterophyllum Franch. to the illumination level

Keywords: adaptation, Pittosporum tobira, Pittosporum heterophyllum, degree of illumination, lamina, morphology, anatomy, pigments, peroxidase

Abstract

Anatomical, morphological, physiological and biochemical adaptations of leaf as the most ecologically sensitive organ in the species P. tobira and P. heterophyllum, grown in the zones of greenhouse complex with different degree of illumination (1 zone – the level of illumination is 100–300 lx, zone 2 – 3000–7000 lx, and zone 3 – more than 10 thousand lx).) were studied. We revealed the structural morphological and anatomical adaptations, which manifested in the increase of leaf structure xeromorphy (thickening of the leaf, adaxial epidermis and columnar parenchyma, increasing pubescence density) under conditions of high insolation. With a low level of illumination in plants of both species, the thickness of the lamina decreased, mainly due to the mesophyll – the number of layers of the columnar parenchyma and the size of the cells reduced. Interspecific differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments in both species studied were found. A common trend in plants under low light conditions was decrease of chlorophyll a compared with the control, whereas the concentration of chlorophyll b in the leaves of plants increased with shading and high insolation. The result of the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of Pittosporum plants, which normalizes its functioning, is a decreasing chlorophyll index both during shading and intense solar radiation. The maximum is determined in the range of 3–7 thousand lx. Such light regime is optimal for plants of the species studied. The observed decreasing pigment index in P. heterophyllum leaves is considered as an adaptive response of more light-loving species of the genus to their cultivation in the shade. The dependence of the peroxidase activity in Pittosporum leaves on the illumination level was studied. Adaptive reactions manifested in changes of peroxidase fractional composition in the leaves of the plants grown in different conditions. The obtained results on the activation and inactivation of the enzymatic activity of free and cell wall-associated peroxidase are interesting for using as an additional diagnostic indicator of stress degree for the plants of the interiors. It was established that adaptive changes in experimental plants were determined by the origin of species and their ecological and biological features.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

L. Boyko, Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine

Marshak Str., 50, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, 50089, ludmilaboyko@meta.ua

О. Zubrovska, Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine

Marshak Str., 50, Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, 50089, zubrovska@ukr.net

References

Барыкина Р.П., Веселова Т.Д., Девятов А.Г. и др. Основы микротехнических исследований в ботанике. Справочное руководство. – М.: Моск. гос. ун-т, 2000. – 127с. /Barykina R.P., Veselova T.D., Devyatov A.G. et al. Principles of microtechnical research in botany. Reference guide. – Moscow: Moscow State University, 2000. – 127p./

Богатир В.Б., Сніжко В.В. Адаптація рослин до умов недостатнього освітлення в інтер’єрах // Інтродукція та акліматизація рослин в Україні. – 1982. – Вип.20. – С. 76–78. /Bogatyr V.B., Snizhko V.V. Adaptation of plants to conditions of insufficient lighting in interiors // Introduction and acclimatization of plants in Ukraine. – 1982. – Issue 20. – P. 76–78./

Бойко Л.І. Інтродукція видів роду Pittosporum Banks et Sol. в умовах захищеного ґрунту: історія та перспективи // Біологічний вісник МДПУ ім. Б.Хмельницькогo. – 2014. – Т.4 (3). – С. 34–54. /Boyko L.I. Introduction of Pittosporum Banks et Sol. species in a frame area: history and prospects // Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. – 2014. – Vol.4 (3). – P. 34–54./

Бойко Л.І. Морфологічні зміни пагонів видів роду Pittosporum Banks et Sol. в зв’язку з умовами утримання // Наукові записки Тернопільського національного педагогічного університету імені Володимира Гнатюка. Серія: Біологія. – 2015. – №2 (63). – С. 5–8. /Boyko L.I. Morphological changes of shoots of species of the genus Pittosporum Banks et Sol. in connection with conditions of keeping // Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology. – 2015. – No.2 (63). – P. 5–8./

Бойко Л.І. Особливості листка Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) за різних умов вирощування // Український ботанічний журнал. – 2016. – Т.73, №6. – С. 593–599. /Boyko L.I. Features of leaf of Pittosporum tobira (Pittosporaceae) under different grоwth conditions // Ukr. Bot. J. – 2016. – Vol.73, no.6. – P. 593–599./

Волошина Н.Ю., Білявська Н.О. Мікроструктура поверхні листків двох лісових видів клена в залежності від освітлення в кроні // Вісник Харківського національного аграрного університету. – 2013. – Вип.1 (28). – C. 6–17. /Voloshyna N.Yu., Bilyavska N.O. Microstructure of foliar surface in two forest maple species depending on within-crown light gradient // The Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University. Series Biology. – 2013. – Issue 1 (28). – P. 6–17./

Газарян И.Г., Хушпульян Д.М., Тишков В.И. Особенности структуры и механизма действия пероксидаз растений // Успехи биологической химии. – 2006. – Т.46. – С. 303–322. /Gazaryan I.G., Khushpulyan D.M., Tishkov V.I. Features of the structure and mechanism of action of plant peroxidases // Advances in Biological Chemistry. – 2006. – Vol.46. – Р. 303–322./

Гамбург К.З., Подолякина Л.А., Ситнева В.М. Изучение активности пероксидазы и ИУК-оксидазы в суспензионных культурах тканей табака и сои // Физиология растений. – 1977. – Т.24, №3. – С. 542–548. /Hamburg K.Z., Podolyakina L.A., Sitneva V.M. Study of the activity of peroxidase and IAA-oxidase in suspension cultures of tobacco and soybean tissues // Plant Physiology. – 1977. – Vol.24, no.3. – P. 542–548./

Голышкина Л.В., Красова Н.Г., Галашева А.М. Влияние гипертермии на активность ферментной системы пероксидазы в тканях однолетних побегов яблони // Современное садоводство. Электронный журнал. – 2014. – №4. – С. 50–59. /Golyshkina L.V., Krasova N.G., Galasheva A.M. The effect of hyperthermia on the activity of the enzyme system of peroxidase in the tissues of annual apple shoots // Modern Gardening. Electronic journal. – 2014. – No.4. – P. 50–59./

Горницкая И.П., Ткачук Л.П. Каталог растений для работ по фитодизайну. – Донецк: ООО «Лебедь», 2005. – 234с. /Gornitskaya I.P., Tkachuk L.P. Catalog of plants for phytodesign works. – Donetsk: Lebed LLC, 2005. – 234p./

Горницкая И.П., Бойко Л.И., Ткачук Л.П. Интродукция видов рода Pittosporum Banks et Soland. ex Gaertn. в защищенный грунт Донецкого и Криворожского ботанических садов НАН Украины // Промышленная ботаника. – 2006. – №6. – С. 66–78. /Gornitskaya I.P., Boyko L.I., Tkachuk L.P. Introduction of species of the genus Pittosporum Banks et Soland. ex Gaertn. in the conservatories of the Donetsk and Krivoy Rog Botanical Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine // Industrial Botany. – 2006. – No.6. – P. 66–78./

Дымова О.В. Головко Т.К. Адаптация к свету фотосинтетического аппарата теневыносливых растений (на примере Ajuga reptans) // Физиология растений. – 1998. – T.45, №4. – C. 521–528. /Dymova O.V. Golovko T.K. Adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of shade-tolerant plants (on the example of Ajuga reptans) to the light // Plant Physiology. – 1998. – Vol.45, no.4. – P. 521–528./

Ермаков А.И., Арасимович В.В., Ярош Н.П. и др. Методы биохимического исследования растений. – Л.: Агропромиздат, 1987. – C. 41–45. /Yermakov A.I., Arasimovich V.V., Yarosh N.P. et al. Methods of biochemical studies of plants. – Leningrad: Agropromizdat, 1987. – P. 41–45./

Зайцев Г.H. Методика биометрических расчетов. Математическая статистика в экспериментальной ботанике. – М.: Наука, 1973. – 256с. /Zaytsev G.N. Methods of biometric calculations. Mathematical statistics in experimental botany. – Moscow: Nauka, 1973. – 256p./

Зиман М.С., Мосякін С.Л., Булах О.В. та ін. Ілюстрований довідник з морфології квіткових рослин. – Ужгород: Медіум, 2004. – 156с. /Ziman M.S., Mosyakin S.L., Bulakh O.V. et al. Illustrated reference book on the morphology of flowering plants. – Uzhgorod: Medium, 2004. – 156p./

Иванова Л.А. Адаптивные признаки структуры листа растений разных экологических групп // Экология. – 2014. – T.45, №2. – С. 109–118. /Ivanova L.A. Adaptive features of leaf structure in plants of different ecological groups // Russian Journal of Ecology. – 2014. – Vol.45, no.2. – P. 109–118./

Кириленко Н.А. Анатомо-морфологічні особливості вегетативних органів сукулентних рослин у зв’язку з умовами зростання // Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. – 2018. – T.8 (1). – C. 509–515. /Kirilenko N.A. Anatomical and morphological features of the vegetative organs of succulent plants regards growth conditions // Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. – 2018. – Vol.8 (1). – P. 509–515./

Колупаев Ю.Е. Кальций и стрессовые реакции растений // Вісник Харківського національного аграрного унiверситету. Серія Біологія. – 2007. – Вип.1 (10). – С. 24–41. /Kolupaev Yu.Ye. Calcium and stress reaction of plants // The Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University. Series Biology. – 2007. – Issue 1 (10). – P. 24–41./

Колупаев Ю.Е., Карпец Ю.В. Формирование адаптивных реакций растений на действие абиотических стрессоров. – К.: Основа, 2010. – 352с. /Kolupaev Yu.Ye., Karpets Yu.V. Formation of plants adaptive reactions to abiotic stressors influence. – Kyiv: Osnova, 2010. – 352p./

Криворучко А.П., Бессонова В.П. Анатомічна характеристика листків Quercus rubra L. та Quercus Robur L. за солітерного та групового зростання // Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. – 2018. – T.8 (1). – C. 64–71. /Kryvoruchko A.P., Bessonova V.P. Anatomical leaves characteristics of Quercus rubra L. and Quercus robur L. and stand density // Ukrainian Journal of Ecology. – 2018. – Vol.8 (1). – Р. 64–71./

Ладыгин В.Г. Биосинтез каротиноидов в хлоропластах водорослей и высших растений // Физиология растений. – 2000. – Вып.47, №6. – С. 904–923. /Ladygin V.G. Biosynthesis of carotenoids in chloroplasts of algae and higher plants // Plant Physiology. – 2000. – Vol.47, no.6. – P. 904–923./

Ладыженко Т.А., Гетко Н.В., Кабашникова Л.Ф., Пшибытко Н.Л. Параметры индукции флуоресценции хлорофилла а листьев тропических и субтропических растений, культивируемых в оранжереях // Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия биологических наук. – 2014. – №1. – С. 40–44. /Ladyzhenko T.A., Hetko N.V., Kabashnikova L.F., Pshybytko N.L. Parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the leaves of tropical and subtropical plants, which were cultivated in greenhouses // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Biological series. – 2014. – No.1. – P. 40–44./

Николаевский В.С. Биологические основы газоустойчивости растений. – Новосибирск: Наука, 1979. – 280с. /Nikolaevsky V.S. Biological basis of gas resistance of plants. – Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1979. – 280p./

Овруцька І.І. Анатомо-морфологічні ознаки листків Sium latifolium L. у різних умовах зростання // Український ботанічний журнал. – 2012. – T.69, №1. – С. 125–133. /Ovrutska I.I. Anatomical and morphological characters of leaves of Sium latifolium L. under different growth conditions // Ukr. Bot. J. – 2012. – Vol.69, no.1. – Р. 125–133./

Рогожин В.В. Пероксидаза растений. – Berlin: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010. – 205c. /Rogozhin V.V. Plants peroxidase. – Berlin: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010. – 205p./

Сибгатуллина Г.В., Хаертдинова Л.Р., Гумерова Е.А. и др. Методы определения редокс-статуса культивируемых клеток растений. – Казань: Казанский (Приволжский) Федеральный университет, 2011. – 61с. /Sibgatullina G.V., Khaertdinova L.R., Gumerova Ye.A. et al. Methods for determining the redox status of cultivated plant cells. – Kazan: Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 2011. – 61p./

Томилин М.В., Олюнина Л.Н., Сухов В.С. и др. ИУК-индуцированные изменения активности пероксидаз зеленых и этиолированных проростков пшеницы // Вестник Нижегородского ун-та им. Н.И.Лобачевского. – 2011. – №2. – С. 215–221. /Tomilin M.V., Olyunina L.N., Sukhov V.S. et al. IAA-induced changes in peroxidase activity in green or etiolated wheat seedlings // Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod. – 2011. – No.2. – P. 215–221./

Шарова Е.И., Медведев С.С. Редокс-реакции в апопласте растущих клеток // Физиология растений. – 2017. – Т.64, №1. – С. 3–18. /Sharova Ye.I., Medvedev S.S. Redox reactions in the apoplast of growing cells // Plant Physiology. – 2017. – Vol.64, no.1. – P. 3–18./

Alkurdi M.I.S., Supuka J. Evaluation of the sugar and starch content in the leaves of some Mediterranean woody shrubs growing in different conditions // Plants in Urban Areas and Landscape. Proceedings of the scientific papers (December, 2, 2014). – Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, 2014. – P. 64–67.

Bakon M.A., Thompson D.S., Davies W.I. Can cell wall peroxidase activity explain the leaf growth response of Lolium t. L. during drought? // Journal of Experimental Botany. – 1997. – Vol.48, no.317. – P. 2075–2085.

Cayzer L.W., Crisp M.D., Telford Ian R.H. Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia // Australian Systematic Botany. – 2000. – Vol.13. – P. 845–902.

Costa L.C. do B., Pinto J.E.B.P., de Castro E.M. et al. Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi // Bragantia. – 2010. – Vol.69, no.2. – P. 349–359.

Eckhardt U., Grimm B., Hortensteiner S. Recent advances in chlorophyll biosynthesis and breakdown in higher plants // Plant Mol. Biol. – 2004. – Vol.56. – P. 1–4.

Esfahani H.S., Rezayatmand Z. Evaluation of some physiological and biochemical parameters of variety of sunflower sanbero (Helianthus annuus L.) under nickel toxicity // Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. – 2015. – Vol.5, no.4. – P. 88–99.

Francoz E., Ranocha P., Nguyen-Kim H. et al. Roles of cell wall peroxidases in plant development // Phytochemistry. – 2015. – Vol.112. – P. 15–21.

Greenberg Ch.S., Gaddock Rh.R. Rapid single step membrane proteine assay // Clin. Chem. – 1982. – Vol.28 (7). – Р. 1726–1728.

Kozlowska A., Bres W., Krzesinski W., Trelka T. The effect of amount of light and the temperature on biomorphological characteristics of Chrysantemums during all-year culture // Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorum Cultus. – 2011. – Vol.10 (3). – P. 235–246.

Kumar P., Kumar R., Ansari S.A. Nitrate reductase and peroxidase activity in growth and productivity of Santalum album L. // Tropical Plant Research. – 2017. – Vol.4 (1). – P. 90–94.

Lee T.T. On extraction and quantitation of plant peroxidase isoenzymes // Physiol. Plant. – 1973. – Vol.29, no. 2. – P. 198–203.

Marba N., Duarte C.M., Agusti S. Allometric scaling of plant life history // Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. – 2007. – Vol.104 (40). – P. 15777–15780.

Meletiou-Christou M.-S., Rhizopoulou S. Constraints of photosynthetic performance and water status of four evergreen species co-occurring under field conditions // Botanical Studies. – 2012. – Vol.53. – P. 325–334.

Nejad A.R., Van Meeteren U. Stomatal response characteristics of Tradescantia virginiana grown at high relative air humidity // Journal Physiology Plant. – 2005. – Vol.125. – P. 324–332.

Osunkoya O.O., Boyne R., Scharaschkin T. Coordination and plasticity in leaf anatomical traits of invasive and native vine species // American Journal of Botany. – 2014. – Vol.101 (9). – P. 1423–1436.

Pandey V.P., Awasthi M., Singh S. et al. A Comprehensive review on function and application of plant peroxidases // Biochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry. – 2017. – Vol.6 (1). – P. 308–323.

Rai N., Yadav M., Yadav H.S. Enzymatic characterization of lignin peroxidase from Luffa aegyptica fruit juice // American Journal of Plant Sciences. – 2016. – Vol.7. – P. 649–656.

Ratsimiebo M.P., Ramanitrahasimbola D., Rajemiarimoelisoa C.F. et al. Toxicity study of Pittosporum ochrosiaefolium Bojer (Pittosporaceae) a medicinal plant of Madagascar // Journal of Plant Sciences. – 2015. – Vol.3 (6). – P. 349–357.

Shigeto J., Tsutsumi Y. Diverse functions and reactions of class III peroxidases // New Phytologist. – 2016. – Vol.209. – P. 1395–1402.

Van Ieperen W. Plant morphological and developmental responses to light quality in a horticultural context // Proc. VII International Symposium on Light in Horticultural Systems 956 / Eds.: S.Hemming, E.Heuvelink. – Acta Hort., ISHS 2012. – P. 131–139.

Wellburn A.R. The spectral determination of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution // J. Plant Physiol. – 1994. – Vol.144. – P. 307–313.

Xiaoa F., Yang Z., Low L.Z. Temperature and weak light affect greenhouse tomato growth and fruit quality // Journal of Plant Sciences. – 2018. – Vol.6 (1). – P. 16–24.

Yang L.Y., Yang S.L., Li J.Y. et al. Effects of different growth temperatures on growth, development, and plastid pigments metabolism of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants // Bot. Stud. – 2018. – Vol.59, no.5. – 13р.

Zhang X., He D., Niu G. et al. Effects of environment lighting on the growth, photosynthesis, and quality of hydroponic lettuce in a plant factory // Int. J. Agric. & Biol. Eng. – 2018. – Vol.11, no. 2. – P. 33–40.

Published
2019-11-07
Cited
How to Cite
Boyko, L., & ZubrovskaО. (2019). Morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical adaptations of Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) W.T.Aiton and P. heterophyllum Franch. to the illumination level. The Journal of V.N.Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series «Biology», 33, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.26565/2075-5457-2019-33-14
Section
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY